不同覆盖方式对烤烟生理特性及产质量的影响

摘要

为了探求文山烟区最佳的覆盖方式，以云烟87为材料，采用随机区组设计研究了5种覆盖方式（全期覆膜、全期覆草、裸地栽培、前膜后草、前期覆膜）对烤烟不同时期根系活力、硝酸还原酶活性、烤后烟叶常规化学成分及产量的影响。结果表明，从移栽后30～90 d，各处理根系活力和NR活性均呈现“单峰型”曲线变化趋势，至移栽后60 d各处理的根系活力与NR活性均达到最大。与“裸地栽培”相比，“前膜后草”处理显著改善了烟叶化学成分的内在协调性，显著提高了烟叶中钾含量，对于产量（增幅5.8％）、产值（增幅8.96％）、上等烟比例的正向影响效应最为显著，在移栽后45、60、75 d均能够显著提高根系活力及硝酸还原酶活性。%To explore the optimal mulching method in Wenshan tobacco area ,a randomized block experiment was conducted to study the effects of 5 mulching methods ,film mulching during whole duration ( FW) ,grass mulching during whole dura-tion (GW),unmulched (UM),film mulching at early stage and grass mulching at late stage (FEGL) and film mulching at early stage ( FE) ,on root activity and nitrate reductase activity at different stages ,yield and chemical components in cured leaves with tobacco cultivar Yunyan 87 as material.The results showed that change of root activity and nitrate reductase ac-tivity of all treatments appeared a curve with single peak from the 30th days to 90th days after transplanting ,and the peak appeared on the 60th days after transplanting.Compared to UM treatment ,FEGL treatment significantly improved the coor-dination of chemical components in tobacco leaves ,significantly increased K content in leaves ,increased yield and output value by 5.8%and 8.96%respectively.Moreover,the percentage of superior leaves in FEGL treatment was highest ,and its root activity and nitrate reductase from the 45th days to 75th days after transplanting were significantly increased.