杂交早稻施肥效应及最佳经济施肥量研究

摘要

采用“3414”肥料试验设计方案，研究氮、磷、钾肥施用量对杂交早稻生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明，氮肥主要对水稻生长势、群体生长量、生育时期以及有效穗数、穗粒数等产量构成因素影响较大，钾肥对结实率和千粒重等影响较大，磷肥对有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重有一定影响。在本试验条件下，氮肥可增产30.5％，单位养分可增产13.1 kg；磷肥可增产10.2％，单位养分可增产9.4 kg；钾肥可增产8.3％，单位养分可增产7.2 kg。由回归分析结果可知，衡阳县河砂泥水稻田 N、P2 O5、K2 O 的最佳经济施肥量分别为176.4、78.8和102.1 kg／hm2。%Using “3415”fertilizer experiment design,this paper studied the effect of different application of NPK fertilizer on growth and yield of hybrid early rice.The results showed that,the nitrogen mainly affected the rice growth potential,pop-ulation growth,growth period and yield components such as effective spike,spike grain number,the impact of potash fertil-izer on seed setting rate and grain was bigger,and the phosphate fertilizer had certain effect on the effective ear,ear grain numbers per spike.Under this experimental condition,the nitrogen fertilizer could increase yield by 30.5%,unit nutrient could increase 13.1 kg;Phosphate fertilizer can increase yield by 10.2%,the unit nutrient can increase 9.4 kg;Potash fer-tilizer can increase yield by 8.3%,the unit nutrient could increase 7.2 kg.The result after regression analysis indicates that the best economic rate of N,P2 O5 ,K2 O is 176.4 kg/hm2 ,78.8 kg/hm2 and 102.1 kg/hm2 for the river sand mud field in Hengyang County.