云南曲靖烟区 K326烟叶适宜采收成熟度研究

摘要

In order to determine the optimum harvest maturity of flue-cured tobacco variety ‘K326’through seedlings trans-plant under plastic mulching method in Qujing.Through the analysis of mature characteristics of fresh tobacco leaves,sensory quality,chemical components and smoking quality of different harvesting time of middle and upper leaves.The results showed that,the appearance quality,chemical components and smoking quality were increased firstly and then decreased with the har-vest time delaed.Appearance quality of middle and upper leavers with higher scores was delayed harvest 5days,points 37.0 and 37.5 respectively.The suitable chemical components of middle leaves were conventional and delayed harvest 5 days.And the suitable chemical components of upper leaves were delayed harvest 5 and 10 days.The score of smoking assessment of de-layed harvest 5 was higher,points 65.20 and 63.70 respectively.And its had highest average price.In Qujing area,after seed-lings transplant under plastic mulching of flue-cured tobacco variety ‘K326’,it is appropriate harvesting time for middle leaves:131 days after transplanting date,more than 1 /2 to all of the midrib and lateral veins turning white,tomenta falling off and leaf angle between 80 and 90 degrees;for upper leaves:145-150 days after transplanting date,all of the midrib and later-al veins turning white,tomenta falling off and leaf angle between 110 and 120 degrees.%为确定曲靖烟区膜下小苗移栽后，烤烟品种 K326的田间适宜成熟度，对 K326中、上部烟叶不同采收时间的鲜烟叶外观成熟特征、烤后烟叶的外观质量、化学成分和评吸质量进行了分析。结果表明，随着采收时间的推迟，烟叶外观质量、内在化学成分和评吸质量均基本呈先升高后降低的趋势。中部和上部叶外观质量均以较常规推迟5 d 采收得分较高，分别为37.0和37.5分；化学成分，中部叶以常规采收、较常规推迟5 d 采收，上部叶以较常规推迟5 d 和10 d 采收较为适宜；评吸质量均以较常规推迟5 d 采收较好，其得分分别为65.20和63.70分；烤后烟叶经济效益也均以较常规推迟5 d 采收最高。在曲靖烟区采用膜下小苗移栽，K326烤烟中部叶以移栽后131 d 左右，主脉和支脉1／2以上变白、绒毛脱落、茎叶角度80～90°；上部叶以移栽后145～150 d，主脉和支脉全白、绒毛脱落、茎叶角度110～120°为适宜采收成熟度标准。