不同基因型棉花品种钾素利用及某些光合特性比较研究

摘要

以Bt棉杂交种科棉6号、泗杂3号、苏杂3号和徐杂3号及其相应的轮回亲本渝棉1号、泗棉3号、苏棉9号和徐1594为材料,2007-2008年于扬州大学研究其对钾营养的利用,并比较其在施钾条件下的某些光合特性.结果表明:8个不同基因型品种对钾的利用呈不同特点.科棉6号和泗杂3号有较高的单株吸钾量,且生殖器官中积累量和分配比例高,钾肥生理利用率和子棉生产效率都居于前2位;苏棉9号和徐1594吸钾量低,钾肥利用率、生理利用率和子棉生产效率居于后2位.其它4个品种由于单株吸钾量、生殖器官中钾积累量和分配比例的不一致,钾肥生理利用率和子棉生产效率介于上述2类之间.4个Bt棉杂交种的SPAD值、净同化率、气孔导度、生殖器官干物质积累量及分配比例都显著高于相应的轮回亲本,且气孔导度、净同化率与钾肥生理利用率、钾素子棉生产效率呈显著以上水平正相关.因此,具有较高的吸钾能力且生殖器官钾积累能力强是形成高钾利用效率品种的基本要求.%With the Bt hybrids(Kemian 6, Siza 3, Suza 3 and Xuza 3) and their corresponding recurrent parents(Yumian 1, Simian 3, Sumian 9, and Xu 1594) as materials, the experiments were conducted for the absorption and utilization of potassium, for the comparison of some phyotosynthetic characteristics under different potassium fertilizer rates at Yangzhou University from 2007 to 2008.The results showed that there were different characteristics of potassium absorption and utilization for the 8 cultivats.Kemian 6 and Siza 3 had much higher potassium absorption, the highest potassium accumulation at reproductive organs and largest potassium fertilizer physiological efficiency(KPE) and potassium seed cotton yield production efficiency(KSPE), however, the potassium utilization rate(KUR) were not the highest.Sumian 9 and Xu 1594 had not only the lowest potassium absorption and reproductive organs, but also the lowest KUR, KPE and KSPE.The values of KPE and KSPE were between the two types above mentioned for Suza 3, Xuza 3, Simian 3 and Yumian 3, because of opposition characteristics between potassium absorption and potassium accumulation at reproductive organs.The SPAD value, net photosynthetic intensity, the stomatal conductance, dry matter weight of the reproductive organs and the ratio in whole plant dry matter weight for the four Bt hybrids were higher than that of their recurrent parents, respectively, and there were significant positive correlation between KPE, KSPE and net photosynthetic intensity, the stomatal conductance among 8 cultivars.These results suggest that ability of high potassium absorption and high potassium accumulation at reproductive organs are basis for developing high potassium utilization efficient.