目的探讨临床中头孢菌素类药物常见不良反应的致病因素、临床症状以及相应的预防措施。方法回顾性分析广东省妇幼保健院应用头孢菌素类药物治疗发生不良反应的150例患者的临床资料，并选取同期入院、应用头孢菌素类药物未发生不良反应的447例患者为对照，对其不良反应表现及产生原因进行分析、总结。结果患者体质、过敏史、年龄、情绪、饮食及饮酒习惯等因素同头孢菌素类不良反应密切相关（P<0.05或P<0.01），其中过敏体质、过敏史及药后饮酒为头孢菌素类不良反应的独立危险因素(P<0.05)；150例出现不良反应病例中，过敏反应居首位，主要症状为皮疹、不同程度发热及哮喘等，反应严重者可发生死亡；而消化道不良反应所占比例位居第2，主要表现为腹泻等。结论医务人员需不断丰富和提高自身药学知识水平，加强服务意识，充分了解头孢菌素类药物的禁忌证及适应证，熟练掌握其应用剂量及配伍禁忌，以防止发生不良反应。%Objective To investigate the pathogenic factors, clinical symptoms, and corresponding prevention measures of adverse reactions for cephalosporin. Methods 150 cases of patients with acephalosporin adverse reaction and 447 cases of patients without it were retrospective analyzed to summarize the causes, performances, and prevention measures. Results There were factors closely related with the adverse reaction of cephalosporin including patients’ constitution, allergic history, age, emotion, diet and drinking habits, in which allergic constitution, allergic history, and drinking after medicine were independent risk factors for it. In the 150 cases of patients with adverse reaction cases, allergic reaction took the ifrst place with the main symptoms of skin rash, diarrhea, or asthma; while gastrointestinal adverse took the second place with the main symptom of diarrhoea. Conclusion Medical staffs need to constantly enrich and improve their pharmaceutical knowledge level, strengthen the service consciousness, fully understand cephalosporin drugs’ contraindications and indications, master its application dose and incompatibility, in order to avoid and prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions.
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