沈阳市城市居民伤害死亡状况及疾病负担的研究

摘要

目的了解2004～2013年沈阳市市内五区城市居民伤害死亡状况及对居民健康造成的威胁，为日后防治提供科学依据。方法利用沈阳市2004～2013年城市居民死亡资料，分析伤害的粗死亡率、标化死亡率、年龄别死亡专率、性别死亡专率及变化趋势，并计算潜在寿命损失年（PYLL），分析伤害死亡的疾病负担情况。结果沈阳市城市居民2004～2013年伤害总死亡率为22.71/10万，标化死亡率为15.31/10万，占全死因的2.99%；男性粗死亡率和标化死亡率均高于女性（P<0.05）；总体上伤害死亡率随年龄的增长呈先上升后下降的趋势（在45～50岁达高峰）。城市居民伤害前五位死因依次为运输事故、自杀、意外跌落、其他意外伤害和有害效应、意外中毒；男性伤害死因顺位的前3位分别是运输事故、自杀和其他意外事故和有害效应；女性伤害死因顺位的前3位分别是运输事故、自杀和意外跌落。由伤害导致的潜在寿命损失年数为188257.5，其中运输事故和自杀所致的PYLL占伤害所致PYLL总量的54.5%以上。全年龄段伤害所致PYLL总体上男性大于女性，且随年龄的增长先上升后下降（45～50岁达高峰）。结论伤害对人群的死亡威胁男性高于女性，且在50岁之前随年龄的增长而上升。伤害造成的“早死”疾病负担以运输事故和自杀最为严重，总体负担男性大于女性。%ObjectiveTo analyze the status and trend of death of injury among Shenyang urban residents from 2004 to 2013, and to provide a scientiifc basis for future prevention.Methods The data of death of urban residents in Shenyang from 2004 to 2013 was analyzed.The mortality rate, standardized mortality rates, death cause sequence and constitution, potential year of life lost (PYLL) and other related indicators were calculated. Results The mortality rate of injury of urban residents in Shenyang from 2004 to 2013 was 22.71/100000, and standardizaed mortality rate was 15.31/100000, accounting for 2.99% of total deaths; male mortality rate and standardized mortality rate were higher than women(P<0.05). Five major causes of death of injuries among urban residents were Transport accidents, suicide action, accidental falls, other accidental damage and harmful effects, and accidental poisoning. Three major death casue of male injury were transport accidents, suicide action and other accidents and adverse effects; three major death cause of female injury were transport accidents, suicide action and accidental falling. The PYLL caused by injury was 188257.5, and the PYLL due to transport accidents and suicide accounted for 54.5% of total PYLL. The male PYLL caused by injury was greater than the female, and PYLL decreased with age after the ifrst rise(reached a peak among 45 to 50).ConclusionThe death threats of injury in males was more serious than in females, it rised along with age growth before 50 years old. The burden of disease caused by transport accidents and suicide action was the most serious.