一种便携式微小型导弹的气动优化设计与仿真

摘要

From the recent local wars abroad,it is concluded that miniature guided munition plays an increasingly important role in modern wars.In order to effectively attack fixed and armored targets,earthworks and valuable point targets,it is critical to design a reasonable aerodynamic shape layout,which can improve the warhead power and flight available overload under the small size constraint.This paper proposed a solo portable canard-configurated miniature guided ammunition with a two-stage separated warhead scheme,based on the existing pneumatic struc ture.The lift coefficients,resistant coefficients as well as pitching moment coefficients are obtained by 3-D model ing and pneumatic fluid dynamics simulation under different flight conditions.It is clear that miniature guided munition can not only satisfy the miniaturization design,but also have good aerodynamic characteristics and provide enough high overload within small scope of angle of attack.This research will perform as the theoretical basis for the optimization of canard-configurated guided ammunition.%从国外近几次局部战争来看,微小型导弹在现代战争中发挥着越来越重要的作用.为了有效地攻击固定和运动装甲目标、土木工事以及有价值的点目标,使导弹在满足小型化尺寸约束情况下,提高战斗部威力和飞行可用过载,设计合理的气动外形布局十分关键.针对上述问题,基于现有弹芯分段结构,研究设计了一种新型的两级隔离战斗部方案,可单兵便携的鸭式布局的微小型导弹.通过三维建模和流体力学仿真,得到了不同飞行工况下的升力、阻力以及俯仰力矩系数.经气动数据分析,并结合弹道仿真结果,验证了此型导弹不仅可满足小型化设计,而且小攻角范围内气动特性良好,可提供足够高的过载,对今后研制优化微小型导弹具有一定的指导意义.