膜污染控制是膜技术能否成功应用的关键因素之一.讨论了膜面粗糙度、亲水性和荷电性等性质对膜分离性能的影响,介绍了膜表面性质参数的表征方法,分析了颗粒污染物团聚、颗粒与胶体吸附、胶体大分子的变形等对膜污染形成的影响.最后对面向应用过程的陶瓷膜材料表面与界面控制方法进行了总结.膜污染的研究已从操作参数调节发展到表面与界面作用的控制,对提高膜分离性能,促进膜过程在更多领域的推广应用有重要意义.%Membrane fouling control is one of the key factors affecting the applicability and profitability of a membrane system. In this study, the effects of membrane surface roughness, hydrophilicity and charge on the membrane performance are discussed. New surface characterization techniques are introduced. Studies on interfacial interactions between foulants and membranes are reviewed. The effects of particle aggregation, adsorption of colloids onto particles and deformation of colloidal molecules on the fouling formation are analyzed. Finally, the theory and method of application-oriented membrane surface design are proposed. The studies on membrane fouling control are from the adjustment of operating parameters to surface and interface control, which play an increasingly important role in membrane performance improvement and industrial applications.
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