小额信贷在国际上产生于20世纪60—70年代，现在已经覆盖几乎所有发展中国家和不少发达国家。近年来．主流文献对小额信贷的微观、宏观效应进行了较为深入的研究。从微观效应上看，小额信贷对消除要素禀赋缺陷、改善居民消费及健康、提高居民收入、提高人力资本水平、促进妇女赋权等方面具有积极作用；从宏观效应上看，小额信贷对完善金融体系、促进减贫扶贫、产业结构优化、社会事业发展等方面也具有显著影响。%The microfinance began at 60-70 years of 20th Century, and now covers almost all developing countries and many developed countries. The present literatures on its effects analysis generally concentrate in the specific characteristics and lack of systematic combing. We divide the microfinance effects evaluation into tow categories: micro effects and macro effects, and think the micro effects play a positive role to eliminate factor endowment defects, improve consumer health, increase the income and improve the level of human capital, and promote the empowerment of women. Then, we analyze the macro effects of the microfinance to improve the financial system, reduce the poverty, optimize the industrial structure and promote the development of the social undertakings.
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