上世纪80年代，以潘懋元先生为代表的高等教育学家提出高等教育发展必须适应社会发展和适应人的发展的思想，这被反对者概括为“适应论”。而支持“引导论”者认为，“适应论”思想是工具理性荼毒中国高等教育的产物，使得高等教育无法摆脱社会附庸的尴尬地位。要超越这种境遇，必须重新认识高等教育重视反思和批判的学术传统，对社会的发展加以引导和改造。然而，尽管社会与人的发展的时间延展性和适应的“无方向性”都意味着“适应论”仍处在未完成状态，教育的性质以及世界高等教育发展的历史与现实都充分表明“适应论”的提出有其必然性。二者之间的争论是一种二元对立思维的产物。从人类实践的特点来看，引导本是适应题中应有之义。因此应跳出非此即彼的思维方式，寻求一种更具包容性和开放性的高等教育发展之路。%In the 1980 s, Mr.Pan Maoyuan representing in higher education experts proposed that the develop-ment of higher education must follow the development of society and human beings which is summarized as “Adap-tation Theory”.And opponents who support “Guidance Theory” argue that“Adaptation Theory” is a product of in-strumental rationality , and it means higher education can not get rid of the embarrassing dependency position of so -ciety .To transcend this situation , we must re-establish critical and reflective academic tradition , which can guide the development and transformation of society .However , despite the time ductility of development of social and hu-man beings and “non-directional” adaptation means“Adaptation Theory” still unfinished , the nature of education and the history and reality of development of higher education all over the world have fully demonstrated necessity of birth of “Adaptation Theory”.Controversy between the two theories is a product of dualistic opposing thinking . From the view of characteristics of human practice , guide is proper meaning of adaptation .The value of argument is to remind us to jump out of the way of thinking like “one or the other”, and to find a more inclusive and open way of development of higher education .
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