即时文字网络心理咨询中的移情与反移情

摘要

目的:探讨即时文字网络心理咨询中移情(正性移情、负性移情)与反移情的表现形式,帮助咨询师更好地理解和运用咨询中的移情与反移情.方法:选取5位心理咨询师所做的5例即时文字网络心理咨询个案记录,每个案例记录分别抽取第1次,中间1次和最后1次咨询,代表开始、中间、结束3个阶段,运用定性研究的文本内容分析方法,总结出网络心理咨询中移情和反移情的具体表现形式.结果:正性移情有3种表现形式:表达出对咨询的正向积极的情绪、对咨询师咨询能力的肯定、对咨询师提出超出专业关系的期望；负性移情有4种表现形式:对咨询师表达不满、对咨询表达不满、对自己在咨询中的表现不满、急切结束咨询；反移情有3种表现形式:正性移情引发的一致性反移情、负性移情引发的一致性反移情和扮演重要客体的互补性反移情.负性移情没有出现在开始阶段,在结束阶段出现频率高于中间阶段.结论:移情和反移情在即时文字网络心理咨询中有多种具体的表现形式,负性移情出现的阶段性较为显著.%Objective:To explore the expressed forms of transference (positive transference,negative transference) and counter-transference in instant text-based online counseling,helping counselors to better understand and use these techniques.Methods:Five cases with prominent occurrence of transference and counter-transference were selected.Transcriptions of the first session,the middle session and the ending session in each case were recorded to represent the initial,mid and terminal stages.Textual analysis was used to analyze the expressed forms of transference and counter-transference in online counseling.Results:There were three forms of positive transference,including clients'positive emotions to counseling,positive attitude to counselors'professional capacity and excessive expectations beyond normative counseling relationships.There were four forms of negative transference,including clients'dissatisfactions to counselors,dissatisfactions to counseling,dissatisfactions to him/her self in counseling relationships and their haste to end counseling relationships.On the part of counselors,there were three forms of counter-transference,including concordant counter-transference corresponding to clients'positive transference,concordant counter-transference in line with clients' negative transference and complementary counter-transference through which counselors played the important objects of clients.In initial stage of counseling,there was no negative transference; there was more increased negative transference in terminal stage than in mid stage.Conclusion:It suggests that there are many forms of transference and counter-transference in instant text-based online counseling.Negative transference may have significantly higher occurrence at some stages during the counseling.