海南9种棕榈科植物木腐菌的物种多样性及其与温湿度相关性分析

摘要

There are many species of palmaceous plants in Hainan,which play an important role in tropical agriculture and landscape.This study aimed to define the species of wood-decaying fungi living in the palmaceous plants in Hainan.The palmaceous plants from the gardens and plantations in Haikou,Dongfang,Danzhou,Qionghai,Sanya,Wenchang,Wanning,Wuzhishan,Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County,Changjiang Li and Miao Autonomous County,Chengmai County,Ding'an County,Ledong Li and Miao Autonomous County,Lingshui Li and Miao Autonomous County,Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County ect were investigated.A total of 284 wood-decaying fungi samples were collected.It is basically ascertained that the wood-decaying fungi on the palmaceous plants in Hainan belonged to 2 phyla,3 classes,8 orders,15 families,24 genera and 34 species.Among them,Ganoderma colossus (Fr.) C.F.Baker was a new record species in Hainan.The dominant families of wood-decaying fungi on the palmaceous plants were Polyporaceae and Ganodermataceae,and Ganoderma boninense Pat.was the dominant species accounting for 16.20％ of the total specimens.The analysis of the relations between climate and the diversity of wood-decaying fungi in Hainan revealed that temperature had little effect on the growth of wood-decaying fungi in Hainan.The rainfall had a significant effect on the diversity of wood-decaying fungi,and there was a positive correlation with the diversity index.The analysis of the wood-decaying fungal species in different palmaceous plants showed that fungal species in arecanut,coconut and oil palm were obviously more than that in other palmaceous plants.%海南省棕榈科植物种类繁多,其中槟榔、椰子是海南最主要的经济作物,大王棕、狐尾椰子、蒲葵等是重要的景观植物,棕榈科植物在热带农业和热带园林中占有重要地位.明确海南棕榈科植物上生长的木腐菌种类,可丰富海南木腐真菌资源,并有助于探索具有开发价值的木腐菌.从海南海口、东方、儋州、琼海、三亚、文昌、万宁、五指山、保亭、昌江、澄迈、定安、乐东、陵水、琼中15个市县的棕榈科植物上采集木腐菌样本284共份,初步鉴定出海南棕榈科植物上的木腐菌隶属于2门3纲8目15科24属34种,其中松芝[Ganoderma colossus(Fr.)C.F.Baker]为海南新记录种;棕榈科植物上木腐菌主要为多孔菌科和灵芝科真菌,其中狭长孢灵芝[Ganoderma boninense Pat.]为优势种.对海南岛气候与棕榈科植物木腐菌进行多样性分析,结果表明温度对木腐菌的生长影响不大;降雨量对木腐菌多样性的影响很大,并且与多样性指数呈正相关,木腐菌的种类随雨水的增加而增多.对不同棕榈科植物的木腐菌种类进行分析,结果发现槟榔、椰子和油棕的木腐菌种类最多,其它棕榈科植物木腐菌的数量和种类较少.