丝素蛋白在小口径人工血管中的应用

摘要

BACKGROUND:Many scholars have successfuly applied silk fibroin into smal-caliber vascular prostheses to achieve better anti-thrombotic role and excelent mechanical strength. In the animal experiments, an ideal long-term patency has been achieved. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the biochemical properties of silk fibroin, the currently used methods for the vessel modification, as wel as specific applications of silk fibroin in smal-caliber vascular prostheses. Methods: A computer-based search of CNKI, Medline database and ScienceDirect databases from January 1980 to December 2013 was performed for articles relevant to smal-caliber vascular prostheses with the key words of “vascular grafts, silk fibroin” in Chinese and English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Silk fibroin has controlable mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. Its decomposition products is wel known and non-toxic. In addition, silk fibroin is easy to be integrated by anticoagulant group, and the effect is obvious, reliable, and easy for colonization and growth of endothelial cels, which can bring a satisfactory long-term patency. So, silk fibroin is an ideal material for the smal-caliber vascular prostheses. However, due to the production process and other issues, the application of silk fibroin in previous studies has no long-term development. Recently, the development of nano-materials, bionic technology, vascular tissue engineering, and electrospinning technology brings new chances for the application of silk fibroin in artificial vessels.%背景：国内外众多学者将丝素蛋白应用到小口径人工血管中，得到的人工血管拥有较好的抗血栓性及优秀的机械强度，动物实验也取得了满意的远期通畅率。目的：概述丝素蛋白的生物化学性质，目前在血管中常用的改性手段，以及国内外小口径人工血管中丝素蛋白的具体应用。方法：应用计算机检索中国知网、Medline数据库及ScienceDirect数据库1980年1月至2013年12月有关小口径人造血管血液相容性方面的文献，中文检索词为“人工血管，丝素蛋白”，英文检索词为“Vascular grafts， silk fibroin”。结果与结论：丝素蛋白拥有可控的机械性能，可通过醇化等处理获得不同的顺应性。同时，丝素蛋白拥有良好的生物相容性，分解产物已知、无毒，满足生物医药材料的安全需求。此外，丝素蛋白易于整合抗凝集团，效果明显可靠，且易于内皮细胞定植生长，而短期内能否形成稳定牢固的内皮层是保证血管假体拥有理想远期通畅率的关键，因此丝素蛋白是制备小口径人工血管的理想材料。但是由于制作工艺等问题，中国早期应用丝素蛋白制作的人工血管并未得到长远的发展。近年来，随着纳米材料、仿生技术、组织工程类血管、静电纺丝等技术的研究发展，以及众多学者为应对小口径血管中复杂血流动力学环境对多层血管的研究尝试，为丝素蛋白在人工血管中的应用开辟了新的空间领域。