多孔钽金属的骨外科应用：关节置换假体及软骨重建支架

摘要

BACKGROUND:Porous tantalum with high porosity, low elastic modulus, high friction coefficient has stable biological characters and good biocompatibility, which is considered as an ideal implant material in orthopedic surgery. OBJECTIVE:To review the application situation of porous tantalum used in artificial joints, spine, bone necrosis, defects of bone and so on. METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed, Wanfang, and VIP databases was performed for relevant articles published from 1990 to 2014 using the keywords of “porous tantalum, biological character, orthopedic applications” in English and Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Porous tantalum is a kind of good orthopedic implant material, with high porosity, low elastic modulus, high friction coefficient, and good compatibility. Porous tantalum is mostly used in the preparation of integrated acetabular cup, total hip arthroplasty acetabular cup, acetabular reinforcing pad, porous tantalum metal rod, tibial plateau prosthesis, patelar prosthesis and tibial plateau prosthesis, which has achieved good clinical effects.%背景：多孔钽金属具有稳定的生物学特性、良好的生物相容性，且具有整体容积孔隙率高、弹性模量低及表面摩擦系数高等特点，是一种较理想的骨科植入材料。目的：综述钽金属在人工关节、脊柱、骨坏死和骨缺损等方面的应用现状。方法：应用计算机检索1990至2014年 PubMed 数据库、万方数据库及维普数据库，英文检索词为“Porous tantalum， biological character，orthopedic applications”，中文检索词为“多孔钽；生物学特性；骨科应用”。结果与结论：多孔钽金属具有较大的孔隙率与表面摩擦力，有与人体骨质接近的弹性模量，有较好的生物相容性，这些优点提高了其在体内的稳定性，是一种良好的骨科植入材料，多用于一体化髋臼杯、全髋关节翻修臼杯与髋臼增强垫块、多孔钽金属棒及胫骨平台假体、髌骨假体、钽金属椎间融合器等，取得了良好的临床效果。