基于步态周期下跨栏运动员步态及下肢表面肌电特征分析

摘要

BACKGROUND:In recent years, the technical parameters about hurdle athletes are mainly obtained through video analysis and DLT algorithm. However, the gait and surface electromyography (sEMG) characteristics during normal walking are little reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of the gait and lower limb sEMG signals relative to gait period in hurdle athletes. METHODS:Eight male professional hurdlers were selected to perform gait and lower limb sEMG tests on the trail, and the differences in gait and sEMG signals were analyzed by mathematical statistics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The gait parameters of hurdlers showed no significant differences (except step length). In the total gait cycle, along with the gait changing, the right and left side muscles of the same name moved alternately. The median frequency and average power frequency of the tapping leg in the lower limb muscles were greater than those of the swinging leg (except biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and lateral gastrocnemius), but the mean EMG and EMG integral values of the tapping leg were smaller than those of the swinging leg. At the stand phase, the median frequency and average power frequency of the tapping leg in the lower limb muscles were greater than those of the swinging leg (except tibialis anterior), but the mean EMG and EMG integral values of the tapping leg were smaller than those of the swinging leg (except soleus). At the swing phase, the median frequency and average power frequency of the tapping leg in the lower limb muscles were greater than those of the swinging leg (except tibialis anterior and lateral gastrocnemius), but the mean EMG and EMG integral values of the tapping leg were smaller than those of the swinging leg (except soleus). To conclude, there are different degrees of differences in the frequency domain and time domain of the lower limb muscles between tapping and swinging legs. Additionally, the muscle strength of the tapping leg is less than that of the swinging leg.%背景:近年来对跨栏运动员的研究方法主要采用录像解析结合DLT算法获取技术参数,对跨栏运动员正常步行下步态和表面肌电特征的研究甚少.目的:实验旨在完整步态周期下,探讨跨栏运动员步态及下肢表面肌电特征的变化.方法:男性专业跨栏运动员8名在步道上分别进行步态和下肢表面肌电测试,运用数理统计法分析步态、下肢表面肌电信号的差异.结果与结论:①跨栏运动员步态参数无显著性差异(除步长外);②完整步态周期中,随着步态的周期性变化,下肢同名肌肉表面肌电呈左右交替的肌电活动;③下肢肌群中攻栏腿的中位频率和平均功率频率值大于摆动腿(除股二头肌、胫骨前肌及腓肠肌外侧),但攻栏腿的平均肌电值和肌电积分值小于摆动腿;④站立相阶段,下肢各肌群攻栏腿的中位频率和平均功率频率值大于摆动腿(除胫骨前肌),但攻栏腿的平均肌电值和肌电积分值小于摆动腿(除比目鱼肌);⑤摆动相阶段,下肢各肌群攻栏腿的中位频率和平均功率频率值大于摆动腿(除胫骨前肌及腓肠肌外侧),但攻栏腿的平均肌电值和肌电积分值小于摆动腿(除比目鱼肌);⑥结果显示:完整步态周期中,跨栏运动员步态参数差异不显著,下肢同名侧肌肉表面肌电信号随步态的周期性运动呈左右交替的肌电活动,各肌群攻栏腿和摆动腿表面肌电频域和时域具有不同程度的差异,且攻栏腿肌肉力量小于摆动腿.