北京市西城区居民颈动脉斑块的流行病学调查

摘要

Objective To investigate the epidemic status and distribution characteristics of carotid plaque in resi-dents who are over than 50 years old in Beijing Xicheng district,and find the risk factors of carotid plaque formed.Methods From October 2010 to October 2012,quantity sampling method was conducted in three stages,and finally 1 685 persons who were more than 50 years old from 7 streets of Xicheng district participated in this study. This survey contents included questionnaire,physical examination and carotid artery color ultrasound examina-tions.Results 49.44% of 1 685 persons were found carotid plaque.No significant difference between men and women(P>0.05)was observed.However,the plaque detection rate was significantly affected by education levels(P< 0.05),and the higher education level,the higher detection rate of the plaque(trend χ2 = 6.06,P= 0.01).The proportion of the regular and single plaques in persons with plaques was significantly higher than that of irregular single proportion(68.92% and 21.23% respectively,P< 0.01).There was also a statistical difference of the detec-tion rate of plaque in different age groups(P< 0.05).There was no statistical difference of detection rate of plaque between smoking,high salt diet and obesity group(P> 0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of carotid plaques was high in Xicheng District residents aged 50 and above,and affected by the age and education level.Health education should be carried out for the persons of 50~55 year old and of higher education level.The earlier screening of carotid ultrasound,the earlier persons with atherosclerosis will be detected.%目的 了解北京市西城区50岁及以上居民颈动脉斑块流行情况及分布特征;探讨颈动脉斑块的危险因素.方法 2010年10月—2012年10月,采用三阶段定额抽样的方法,抽取西城区7个街道年龄≥50岁户籍人口1685人进行流行病学调查,包括问卷调查、体格检查和颈动脉彩超检查.结果 1685人中颈动脉斑块检出率为49.44%,男女间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同文化程度斑块检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),斑块检出率随文化程度的升高而升高(趋势 χ2 =6.06,P=0.01).斑块阳性者中规则单发占比明显高于不规则单发占比(分别为68.92% 和21.23%,P<0.01).不同年龄组斑块检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).生活行为因素中是否吸烟、高盐饮食、肥胖对颈动脉斑块的阳性检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 西城区居民颈动脉斑块的阳性检出率较高,且存在年龄和文化程度的显著差异.应针对50~55岁年龄组及文化程度较高者开展健康教育,积极进行颈动脉超声的早期筛查,以便较早地发现动脉粥样硬化的前期人群.