水稻粒型基因克隆和调控机制研究进展

摘要

Grain shape is an important trait that affects the yield and quality of rice, so it is necessary to understand the genetic regulation mechanism of grain shape to improve rice yield and quality. Grain shape is characterized by a combination of grain length, grain width, grain thickness, and grain length-to-width ratio, belonging to quantitative traits, which is controlled by different genetic systems, such as embryo, endosperm and maternal plant. With the rapid development of rice functional genomics and re-sequencing technology, more than 400 QTLs related to rice grain shape have been located at present, and at least 60 genes associated with rice grain traits have been identified. Some rice grain shape regulation pathways were identified, including phytohormones, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, epigenetic modification, the G protein signaling pathways. In this review, we systematically summarize and sort out the research progress of the cloning and functional analysis of rice grain shape genes, and evaluate the utilization value of rice grain shape genes in rice breeding for high yield and good quality.%水稻粒型是影响其产量和品质的重要性状,阐明其遗传调控机理,有助于提高水稻单产和改良品质.水稻粒型性状主要包括粒长、粒宽、粒厚、长/宽比,属于数量性状,受胚、胚乳及母体植株等不同遗传体系的控制.随着水稻功能基因组学和重测序技术的快速发展,目前已经定位超过400个与水稻粒型相关的数量性状位点(QTL),并已克隆了60个水稻粒型基因,涉及植物激素、泛素-蛋白酶体通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路、G蛋白信号通路及表观修饰等多个调控通路.本文对水稻粒型基因克隆及其调控机制的研究进展进行了系统总结和梳理,并对这些基因在育种上的利用价值进行了评价.