太原市学龄前儿童血铅水平及影响因素研究

摘要

Objective To examine the blood lead concentration among preschool children in Taiyuan and risk factors,and to provide scientific evidence for intervention.Methods A total of 3406 healthy children,living in urban areas in Taiyuan,who came to seek routine care from September 2010 to December 2014 were enrolled.A self-designed questionnaire survey,included 6 categories and 65 factors,was conducted.The questionnaire was completed by the parents under the instruction of the medical staff.Factors included the demographic characteristics of children,family status,living environment,living habits and health status of children and current clinical manifestations.Blood samples were collected and blood lead concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.Results The average blood lead concentration of preschool children in Taiyuan was 31 μg/L,it's 32 μg/L for male and 29 μg/L for female,the prevalence of high blood lead was 0.7％.The average blood lead concentration of preschool children was 30 μg/L、31 μg/L、34 μg/L、30 μg/L for 3,4,5 and 6 years old respectively,It's 28 μg/L、29 μg/L、35 μg/L、33 μg/L、34 μg/L respectively from 2010 to 2014,and there was significantly differences.High blood lead concentration of preschool children was correlated with maternal education,wall paint of child's living room,paint falling of furniture,regular consumption of dairy products and nail biting.Conclusion Although the blood lead concentration and the prevalence of high blood lead of preschool children in Taiyuan was low,targeted interventions should be taken according to the risk factors to prevent lead poisoning.%目的 研究山西省太原市学龄前儿童的血铅水平及影响因素,为采取相应的干预措施提供科学依据. 方法 选取2010年9月—2014年12月在太原市城区居住且在山西省妇幼保健院儿保科健康体检的3～6岁健康儿童3 406例,采用自行设计的调查问卷,调查内容包括儿童一般情况、家庭状况、居住环境、生活习惯、儿童健康状况和儿童目前临床表现6大类共计65项调查因素.问卷均在医护人员指导下由家长填写完成.同时采集静脉血并进行血铅测定,血铅测定采用原子吸收光谱法,BH-2100型钨舟原子吸收光谱仪. 结果 学龄前儿童血铅水平为31 μg/L,高铅血症发生率为0.7％.3岁、4岁、5岁、6岁儿童血铅水平分别为30 μg/L、31μg/L、34 μg/L、30 μg/L,男童、女童的血铅水平分别为32 μg/L、29 μg/L,2010年、2011年、2012年、2013年、2014年学龄前儿童血铅水平分别为28 μg/L、29μg/L、35 μg/L、33 μg/L、34μg/L,差异均有统计学意义.学龄前儿童的高铅血症发生与母亲文化程度、儿童房间装修是否使用墙漆、房间内家具有无漆皮脱落、是否常食用乳制品、是否常啃指甲等因素相关. 结论 2010-2014年山西省太原市学龄前儿童的血铅水平及高铅血症发生率虽然较低,但仍应针对影响因素采取针对性的干预措施以防铅中毒的发生.