Nd∶YAG precursor powders were synthesized by homogeneous precipitation, and Nd∶YAG transparent ceramics were prepared by vacuum sintering at 1700 ℃ for 5 h. The ceramic materials were characterized by light transmittance and field emission gun-environment scanning microscope. Using statistics and stereology theory, study was carried out on the quantitative relationships between light transmittance and stereological parameters in three-dimensional Euclidean space. It is found that the transmittance of Nd∶YAG with 1 mm in thickness is about 45% and 58% in visible and near-infrared wavelength, respectively. The transmittance linearly increases with increasing equivalent sphere diameter and reaches the theoretical value of single crystal when the equivalent sphere diameter is 20 μm. The transmittance decreases with the increasing of mean specific area per unit volume of grain and discrete grains, and the transmittance decreases with increasing mean free distance of grains in Nd∶YAG ceramics.
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