State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals;
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering;
School of Chemical Engineering;
Dalian University of Technology;
Dalian 116012;
China;
Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province;
Dalian University of Technology;
Dalian 116023;
China State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals;
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering;
Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province;
Dalian University of Technology;
Dalian 116023;
China;
lithium; niobate; defect; cluster; defect; size; bond; valence; model;