种植体表面涂层制备技术及其对骨质疏松下骨结合的影响研究进展

摘要

Oral implantation treatment is believed to be an ideal treatment method for replacing missing teeth in people.However,patients with osteoporosis may often suffer from implant complications.For such challenging problems,surface coatings have been used to improve bone regeneration around dental implants.With the development of material science and coating techniques,surface coating materials have developed from inorganic materials such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate to functional coatings which carry organic biomolecules or drugs,then lead to delayed or controlled release.Moreover,surface coatings of implants can significantly promote bone formation as well as increase the bone density even restore the impaired bone regeneration properties in osteoporosis.Different coating materials have their own advantages and disadvantages,and their working mechanisms are also diverse.This review aims to thoroughly analyze the underlying mechanisms of the impaired bone regeneration properties around dental implants in osteoporosis and review the biological effects and beneficial role of surface coatings on implants in osteoporotic bone tissue.%口腔种植治疗被认为是修复牙齿缺失的理想治疗手段,而骨质疏松患者的种植治疗常伴发并发症.针对这一问题,人们采用种植材料表面涂层方法以促进种植体周围骨再生.随着材料学以及包被技术的发展,种植体表面涂层材料由最初的羟基磷灰石和磷酸三钙等无机材料,发展为可包被有机生物分子或运载药物的功能性涂层,可于较长时间内在局部实现缓释控释,显著促进骨形成,增加骨质疏松骨密度,同时修复其受损的骨再生能力.各种表面涂层材料间各有优缺点,其作用机制也不尽相同.本文在分析骨质疏松口腔种植体周围骨再生能力降低机制的基础上,对表面涂层处理在骨质疏松状况下种植应用中的生物学作用及效果做一分析综述.