维吾尔语和汉语动词产生相关脑区的功能性磁共振成像研究

摘要

目的 通过功能性磁共振成像(fM RI)观察母语为维吾尔语(简称维语)和汉语正常人执行动词产生任务时的脑激活区及其脑激活差异区,探讨语言理解和产生的神经机制,以及脑损伤后语言障碍及其康复机制.方法 以维语和汉语名词为基本实验材料,通过血氧水平依赖功能性磁共振成像(BOLD-fMRI)扫描31例维吾尔族(语组)和28例汉族(汉语组)正常志愿者执行动词产生任务时的脑激活区,采集fMRI数据,并进行组内及组间比较.结果 汉语组的主要脑激活区为左侧尾状核、左侧枕下回、左侧梭状回、双侧辅助运动区(BA8/6区)、左侧BA32区、左侧楔前叶、左侧顶上、下小叶(BA7区)、左侧角回、右侧中央前回(BA9区)、左侧三角部额下回、右侧岛盖部额下回和双侧小脑.维语组的主要脑激活区为左侧中央前回(BA9区)、左侧岛盖部额下回、左侧三角部额下回和左侧小脑.维语组和汉语组组间比较发现,汉语组在左侧尾状核体、左侧眶部额中回、右侧尾状核头和双侧扣带回前部(BA32区)有明显激活,与维语组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而维语组未见比汉语组更明显激活的脑区.结论 维语和汉语正常人动词产生激活脑区不完全相同;维语文字的加工处理主要集中在左侧大脑半球;汉字加工处理比维语文字加工处理需要更多右侧大脑半球的参与.%Objective To observe brain areas activated during verb generation in Uyghur and Chinese,and thus to explore the neural mechanism of speech formation and understanding and the language barriers after brain injury and during recovery.Methods The blood oxygen level dependent contrast functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) was used to scan activated brain areas of 31 cases of Uyghur and 28 cases of Chinese speakers as they completed a verb generation task.Results The mainareas activated in the brains of the Chinese group were the left caudate nucleus,the left inferior occipital gyrus,the left fusiformgyrus,bilateral supplementary motor areas (BA8/6),the left BA32 area,the left precuneus,the left superior parietal lobe (BA7),the left inferior parietal lobe,the left angular gyrus,the right precentral area (BA9),the pars triangularis of the left inferior frontal gyrus,the pars opercularis of the right inferior frontal gyrus and the bilateral cerebellum.The main activated areas of the Uyghur group were the left precentral area (BA9),the pars opercularis of the left inferior frontal gyrus,the pars triangularis of the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left cerebellum.Moreover,the Chinese group showed significantlygreater activation in left caudate body,the left orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus,the right caudate head and the bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus (BA32) compared to the Uyghur group.The Uyghur group,on the other hand,did not show activation significantly greater than that of the Chinese group in any area.Conclusions The brain areas activated when generating verbs in Uyghur and Chinese are not exactly the same-the processing of Uyghur mainly occursin the left hemisphere,while that of Chinese may need the participation of more brain areas in the right hemisphere.