Objective To compare the effect of three different diets on bone mass and bone structure in ovariectomized rats. Methods Thirty ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, and they were fed with base forage, fat forage, and soybean forage, respectively, for 3 months. Body weight and food consumption were recorded every week. After 3 months, serum levels of lipids, calcium, phosphorus, and estrogen were examined. Bone mineral density ( BMD) of the general body, femur, and spine was measured using dual energy X⁃ray absorptiometry ( DXA) before and after the experiment. The femur of one side was dissected and sectioned. Bone histomorphometry data were obtained. Results There were no statistical differences of food consumption, serum calcium, and serum phosphorus among the 3 groups. Rats with soybean forage were the lowest in body weight, but were the highest in estrogen level, BMD of the whole body, femur, and spine, number, thickness, and surface of the trabeculae. Rats with fat forage were the highest in body weight, levels of TG and LDL, BMD of the whole body, femur, and spine, but were the lowest in HDL level. There was no difference of the trabecular number between rats with fat forage and with base forage. The trabecular area and thickness was larger in fat rats with fat forage than those with base forage. Conclusion The food rich in soybean is a better diet than fat diet for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. . The fat diet may accelerate bone loss in females.%目的：比较不同膳食结构对去卵巢大鼠（ OVX）骨量和骨结构的影响。方法30只去卵巢大鼠随机分为3组，分别以基础、高脂和黄豆饲料喂养3个月。每周称体重一次，结算各组大鼠每天的摄食量。3个月后，采血测血清血脂水平、血钙、血磷和雌二醇；双能X线骨密度仪测定实验前、后大鼠全身、脊柱和股骨骨密度；取一侧股骨制备脱钙骨切片，进行骨形态学观察和骨计量学测定。结果1、各组大鼠每天食物摄入量、血钙和血磷无统计学差异。2、黄豆饲料组大鼠体重最小（P ＜0�05）；血清E2水平最高（P＜0�05）；全身、股骨和脊柱BMD均最高（P＜0�05）；骨小梁数量最多、骨小梁面积和厚度均最大（P＜0�05）。而高脂饲料组大鼠体重最大（P＜0�05）；TG和LDL水平最高，HDL最低（P＜0�05）；全身、股骨和脊柱BMD均最低（P＜0�05），高脂饲料与基础饲料相比，骨小梁数量无差异，但骨小梁面积和厚度较大（P＜0�05）。结论从绝经后骨质疏松预防角度来说，富含黄豆的饮食较高脂饮食是一种较好的膳食结构；后者可能加速了女性的骨丢失。
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