甘肃省兰州市城关区学龄前儿童视力与屈光状态调查

摘要

Objective To investigate the visual acuity and refractive state of preschool children in the Cheng Guan district of Lanzhou,to identify the children outside the normal range of vision and refraction for early-stage detection and treatment.Methods It was a cross-sectional study.2 841 children ranging in age from 3 to 6 years who were enrolled in 10 kindergartens in the Cheng Guan district of Lanzhou were selected through cluster random sampling.And 2 754 cases (5 508 eyes) in fact tested.The children were examined with a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart and the Suresight Vision Screener handheld autorefractor.The measurement data were analyzed by t test or ANOVA,classificated data were analyzed by x2 test or linear trend test.Results The incidence of abnormal visual screening was 13.9％ at the preschool level.There was a difference in visual disorder detection rates among different age groups (x2=31.80,P＜0.05),and the prevalence of abnormal vision declined with age (x2lineartrend=31.59,P＜0.05).Refractive error accounted for 13.13％ of the total number and,as age increased,the incidence of compound hyperopic astigmatism and simple hyperopia gradually declined (x2lineartrend=16.01,P＜0.05; x2lineartrend=9.11,P＜0.05).Conclusion The incidence of abnormal vision identified from screening preschool children who ranged in age from 3 to 6 years declined with age in the Cheng Guan district of Lanzhou city.These findings indicate that visual acuity improves as children age.Ametropia is the most common condition in preschoolers.Hyperopia constitutes the majority of refractive errors identified in the visual screening of preschool children,which is consistent with visual acuity and refractive development in children.%目的 对兰州市城关区学龄前儿童的视力及其屈光状态进行调查,以发现超出生理范围的视力异常及屈光异常.方法 横断面调查研究.采用整群抽样的方法对兰州市城关区10所幼儿园的2 841例3～6岁学龄前儿童进行裸眼远视力及Suresight屈光筛查仪检查,实际受检2 754例(5 508眼),计量资料采用t检验或方差分析,分类资料采用卡方检验或线性趋势检验.结果 兰州市城关区学龄前儿童视力异常检出率为13.9％,不同年龄组间视力异常检出率存在差异(x2=31.80,P＜0.05),且随着年龄增长视力异常检出率呈下降趋势(x2lineartrend=31.59,P＜0.05).屈光异常占检查总人数的13.13％,随着年龄增加,复性远视散光人数和单纯远视人数均逐渐减少(x2lineartrend,复性远视散光=16.01,P＜0.05;x2lineartrend,单纯远视=9.11,P＜0.05).结论 兰州市城关区3～6岁的学龄前儿童视力异常随着年龄增长呈下降趋势,提示视力随年龄增加逐步升高;屈光异常以单纯远视为主,远视屈光度向远视减小方向发展,符合儿童视力及眼屈光发育的规律.