芝麻种子带菌检测及药剂消毒处理效果

摘要

采用吸水纸检测法对我国6个芝麻主产区的13个广泛栽培的芝麻品种进行了带菌检测,并测定了5种杀菌剂对芝麻种子的消毒效果.结果表明,芝麻种子外部携带的真菌主要类群包括镰孢属( Fusarium spp.)、棒孢属( Corynespora spp.)、长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium spp.)、壳球孢属(Macrophomina spp.)、链格孢属(Alternaria spp.)、曲霉属(Aspergillus spp.)和青霉属(Penicillium spp.),其中引起芝麻茎点枯病的壳球孢属分离频率和带菌率最高.种子内部携带的真菌类群主要包括镰孢属、棒孢属、壳球孢属和曲霉属等,引起芝麻叶枯病的棒孢属真菌分离频率和带菌率最高.供试的5种杀菌剂对芝麻种子均有一定的消毒效果,其中50％扑海因和80％多菌灵处理对芝麻种子消毒效果最显著.%Seed — borne fungi of 13 sesame cultivars from 6 production regions in China were determined by means of blotter test. Results showed that Fusarium spp. , Corynespora spp. , Helminthosporium spp. , Macrophomi-na spp. , Alternaria spp. , Aspergillus spp. And Penicillium spp. Were fungi isolated mainly from the seed surface. The dominant microflora of seed borne fungi was Macrophomina spp. While Fusarium spp. , Corynespora spp. , Macrophomina spp. And Aspergillus spp. Were mainly internal seed — borne fungi, the dominant microflora was Corynespora spp. Seeds were subsequently disinfected with 5 fungicides. All of them showed good disinfection effects on seed -borne fungi, especially Iprodione (50% ) and Carbendazim (80% ).