东北地区大豆田木霉菌种群多样性及拮抗作用

摘要

Trichoderma is an important soil ecosystem microbial population. In order to clarify the population diversity of Trichoderma in soybean fields in Northeast China,147 soil samples were collected from soybean fields of Liaoning,Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces from 2012 to 2014. A total of 237 strains of Trichoderma were isolated using dilution plate method and soil particles isolation and culture. These strains were identified and grouped into 15 species. The dominant species included Trichoderma harzianum(77 strains,accounting for 32. 49% of isola-tions). Another dominant species was Trichoderma atroviride(49 strains,accounting for 20. 68% of isolations). The numbers of Trichoderma in Liaoning and Jilin were more than that of Heilongjiang Province. T. citrinoviride and T. spirale had been found in Liaoning and Heilongjiang provinces. T. feritile,T. erinaceum,T. parceramosum,T. asperellum and T. strigosum were only found in Liaoning Province. 2 Trichoderma strains,sneft - s57(1)and sneft- l50(2),had higher efficiency in killing nematodes,and stronger antagonism to Fusarium graminearum and Rhi-zoctonia solani.%木霉菌是土壤生态系统中重要的微生物种群。为明确我国东北地区大豆田中木霉菌种群多样性及生防活性，2012～2014年在东北三省大豆产区采集土壤样品147份，采用稀释法和土壤颗粒平板法进行木霉菌的分离和培养，共获得木霉菌菌株237株。经系统鉴定发现包含木霉属真菌15个种，其中优势种哈茨木霉77株，分离频率为32.49%；深绿木霉49株，分离频率为20.68%。其中辽宁省和吉林省土样分离出木霉菌数量较多，黑龙江省的较少。橘绿木霉、螺旋木霉在辽宁省和黑龙江省均有发现，可育木霉、猬木霉、侧钩木霉、棘孢木霉和硬毛木霉只在辽宁省发现。在所分离的木霉菌株中有2株木霉菌株 sneft - s57（1），sneft - l50（2）杀线虫活性最高，对禾谷镰刀菌、丝核菌也有很强的抑制作用。