面向聚变堆的托卡马克稳态先进运行模式的发展

摘要

The sustained and rapid development of human civilization and economy in the world relies on the discovery and the wide use of new energy.The clean,effective and almost endless energy generated from nuclear fusion can be a good candidate to substitute the current fossil energy.They are the potential ultimate energy for the mankind.One of the major methods to perform the fusion energy research is using a kind of facility named'tokamak',which employs strong magnetic field to confine hot fusion plasma.For the safety and the economy of tokamak operation,scientists designed various advanced scenarios for the capability of steady state plasma operation.The substantial advances of the scenarios are highly related to the progress on high temperature plasma physics research and the development of the high-tech on nuclear fusion,especially on the study of bootstrap current and external current driven.Steady state advance scenario will be the major operation scenario for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR).%人类文明和经济的持续快速发展有赖于新能源的发现和广泛应用.清洁、高效、几乎无尽的核聚变能源可以成为当前化石能源的有效替代,能够成为人类的终极能源.名为托卡马克(Tokamak)的磁约束装置是当前人类用于研究核聚变产生能源的主要方式之一.为了提高其运行的安全性和经济性,科学家们设计了多种能够使聚变等离子体长时间稳态运行的先进运行模式.这类运行模式的长足发展依赖于高温等离子体物理和核聚变相关技术等领域的研究进展,尤其是对于自举电流和外部驱动电流的研究.托卡马克稳态先进运行模式将成为未来国际热核聚变实验堆(International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor,ITER)和中国聚变工程实验堆(China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor,CFETR)主要的运行模式.