老年人患慢性病的数量与脂肪、肌肉等体成分的相关性研究

摘要

目的 探讨老年人患慢性病的数量与脂肪、骨骼肌等人体成分的相关性.方法 纳入2017年3月至6月期间在北京某三甲医院进行常规体检的60岁以上老年人474名.采用生物电阻抗法(BIA)对其进行人体成分测量,并调查其患各种慢性病的情况,对两者进行相关性分析.采用SPSS 17.0进行数据处理.计量资料的组间比较采用t检验.运用Spearman相关分析法分析患慢性病数量与各人体成分指标间的相关性.结果 老年人患慢性病的数量与年龄具有高度正相关性(r=0.75,P<0.01),与性别没有相关性(r=-0.01,P>0.05).剔除年龄、性别因素后,患慢性病的数量与内脏脂肪面积、躯干脂肪量、体脂百分比三者存在高度正相关性(r=0.71、0.61、0.60,P<0.01);与体脂量相关性低(r=0.21,P<0.01);与上、下肢脂肪量无相关关系(r=-0.06、0.03,P>0.05);而与骨骼肌质量、四肢骨骼肌质量指数(ASMI)、四肢骨骼肌质量、躯干骨骼肌质量存在中度负相关性(r=-0.51、-0.50、-0.53、-0.53,P<0.01);与BMI、基础代谢率、蛋白质、骨矿物质存在中度或高度负相关性(r=-0.60、-0.56、-0.42、-0.65,P<0.01);与腰臀比(WHR)存在低度正相关性(r=0.23,P<0.01).结论 老年人患慢性病的数量与年龄、内脏脂肪关系最密切,其次是全身的骨骼肌、BMI、营养;而与四肢脂肪量、WHR相关性差.老年人除了应注意维持下肢肌肉量,还要充分重视核心肌群的锻炼,以减少内脏脂肪.同时老年人在营养上要注意补充蛋白质和矿物质.%Objective To investigate the relationship between the number of chronic diseases(NCD)and body composition of fat and skeletal muscle in the elderly population.Methods A total of 474 subjects aged 60 years and older who taking physical examina-tion in a upper first-class hospital in Beijing from March to June 2017 were enrolled through the inclusion criteria in this study.The body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)and the NCD was investigated by the questionnaire survey. SPSS statistics 17.0 was used for data processing.Student's t test was employed for intragroup comparison in measurement data. Spearman correlation analysis was adopted to analyze the correlation between NCD and each body composition index.Results The NCD had a highly positive correlation with age(r=0.75,P<0.01),but not with gender(r=-0.01,P>0.05).After adjustment of age and gender,the NCD had highly positive correlation with visceral fat area(VFA),body fat mass(BFM)of trunk and percent body fat(PBF)(r=0.71,0.61,0.60,P<0.01),and lowly positive correlation with BFM(r=0.21,P<0.01),but had no cor-relation with BFM of arms and legs(r=-0.06,0.03,P>0.05).While there was a moderately negative correlation between NCD and skeletal muscle mass(SMM),appendicular skeletal muscle index(ASMI),appendicular skeletal muscle(ASM), and SMM of trunk(r=-0.51, -0.50, -0.53, -0.53,P<0.01),a moderately or highly negative correlation between NCD and BMI,basal metabolic rate(BMR),protein and bone mineral(r=-0.60, -0.56, -0.42, -0.65,P<0.01),and a lowly positive correla-tion between NCD and waist-hip ratio(WHR)(r=0.23, P<0.01).Conclusion NCD is closely correlated with age and VFA, followed by SMM,BMI and nutrition,but poorly correlated with BFM of arms and legs and WHR.The elderly should not only maintain the ASM of the lower limbs,but also focus on core muscle exercises to reduce visceral fat.At the same time, the elderly should pay attention to adequate intakes of protein and minerals.