目的 比较肠癌两种主要癌肿类型的临床表现,优化肠癌的临床早期诊断和筛查方案.方法 对526例肠癌患者进行分组,根据不同分组标准,分别对其性别组成、年龄分布、肿瘤家族史及临床表现、检查和诊断方法进行对比分析.结果 性别对肠癌的种类无明显影响;结肠癌和直肠癌存在年龄分布差异,40岁以下的患者多为直肠癌,40岁以上的患者多为结肠癌;直肠癌患者有家族史的比例显著高于结肠癌;结肠癌患者早期表现为消化不良及腹胀,伴随排便习惯改变,而后出现黏液便,直肠癌早期多数无症状,一定程度时才出现排便习惯改变、血便等;结肠癌检查应以纤维结肠镜为主,直肠指检能够检出80％以上的直肠癌.结论 结肠癌和直肠癌在诸多方面存在差异,诊断和治疗时应根据综合情况制定临床方案.%Objective To compare the clinical manifestations of cancer are two main types of cancer, early diagnosis and optimization of colorectal cancer screening programs.Method526 cases of colorectal cancer patients were grouped according to different grouping criteria, namely its gender composition, age distribution, family history of cancer, and clinical manifestations, examination and diagnostic methods were analyzed.Result Sex without significant effect on the type of colorectal cancer; aging patients are more serious, the proportion of patients with colorectal cancer compared with colon cancer 40 years of age high; the impact of family history of cancer of the colon was significantly higher than colorectal cancer; early manifestation of colon cancer patients indigestion and bloating accompanied by altered bowel habits, then there mucus; and change in bowel habits, bloody stools and other early stage when the majority of asymptomatic colorectal cancer, to a certain extent; rectal examination can detect more than 80％ of colorectal cancer, colon cancer check the colonoscopy should be based.Conclusion The colon and colorectal cancer differ in many aspects, diagnosis and treatment should be cautious treatment options based on the consolidation statement.
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