基于稀土上转换纳米荧光探针的肿瘤标志物体外检测

摘要

Sensitive and specific biodetection of tumor markers is essential for early-stage cancer diagnosis and ther-apy,and will ultimately increase the patient survival rate.As a new generation of luminescent nano-bioprobes,triva-lent lanthanide(Ln3+)-doped upconversion(UC)nanoparticles(NPs)possess exceptional properties such as near-infrared triggered anti-Stokes luminescence and long excited-state lifetime,and thus are considered to be the most promising alternative to conventional probes such as organic dyes,lanthanide chelates and quantum dots for early cancer theranostics.In this review,we provide a brief overview of the most recent advances in the development of Ln3+-doped UC nano-bioprobes,which covers from their chemical and physical fundamentals to biodetection including the controlled synthesis,surface modification,optical spectroscopy and their in-vitro UC luminescent bioassay of tumor markers.Some future prospects and challenges in this rapidly growing field are finally envisioned.%肿瘤标志物的超敏特异性检测对肿瘤患者的早期诊断和治疗以及增加其存活率具有重要的意义.作为新一代的纳米荧光探针,稀土掺杂上转换纳米晶具有独特的近红外激发的反斯托克斯上转换发光以及长荧光寿命等特征,被认为是有机染料、稀土螯合物、量子点等传统荧光探针在肿瘤早期诊疗领域最有应用前景的替代者.本文从上转换纳米荧光探针最基础的物理化学性质如控制合成、表面修饰以及发光物理出发,系统综述了该类材料在肿瘤标志物上转换体外检测方面的最新进展,并对其未来的发展趋势与努力的方向作了进一步的远景展望.