目的 探讨急性心肌梗死合并室间隔穿孔及室壁瘤形成患者的临床特点、治疗方法及其预后.方法 对2012年1月至2016年12月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的11例急性心肌梗死合并室间隔穿孔及室壁瘤形成患者的临床资料、治疗方法及预后进行回顾性分析.结果 11例患者其中男性8例,女性3例;汉族3例,维吾尔族6例,哈萨克族2例,年龄50～73(63.36±8.12)岁.左心室射血分数22％～64％[(41.09±11.61)％].心功能分级(Killip分级):心功能Ⅱ级1例、心功能Ⅲ级2例、心功能Ⅳ级8例.心肌梗死部位:前壁梗死3例、广泛前壁梗死1例、下壁梗死3例、前壁合并下壁梗死3例、广泛前壁合并下壁梗死1例.穿孔部位:后室间隔穿孔5例、肌部穿孔1例、心尖部穿孔5例;穿孔大小:3～13(7.27±3.01)mm,穿孔直径<5 mm者2例,穿孔直径5～10 mm者7例、穿孔直径>10 mm者2例;穿孔时间:急性心肌梗死24 h内穿孔1例、急性心肌梗死1～7 d内穿孔3例、急性心肌梗死7 d后穿孔7例;多发穿孔2例.11例患者中4例行抗血小板聚集、抗凝、抑制心室重构、利尿、扩血管等单纯内科治疗,其中2例经电话随访出院1月后死亡,其余2例患者发病至今12个月仍存活;2例在内科治疗的基础上行冠状动脉支架置入术,经电话随访出院3月后均死亡;2例在内科治疗的基础上行主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)辅助治疗,其中1例发病后1周在医院内死亡,1例经电话随访出院1周后死亡;1例在IABP辅助治疗下行冠状动脉支架置入术后择期(急性心肌梗死6周后)行室间隔穿孔封堵术,发病至随访14个月,现仍存活;1例在内科治疗的基础上行冠状动脉支架置入术后择期(急性心肌梗死4周后)行室间隔穿孔封堵术,出院6个月后在心外科行室壁瘤折叠术,发病至随访4年,现仍存活;1例在内科治疗的基础上在心外科行室间隔缺损组织补片修补术+室壁瘤折叠术,发病至随访18个月,现仍存活.结论 对急性心肌梗死合并室间隔穿孔及室壁瘤形成的患者积极行室间隔缺损和室壁瘤干预有利于改善预后.%Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,treatment and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with ventricular septal perforation and ventricular aneurysm formation. Methods The clinical data,treatment methods and prognosis of 11 patients, who admitted between January 2012 and December 2016 in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People 's Hospital,with acute myocardial infarction complicated with ventricular septal perforation and ventricular aneurysm were analyzed retrospectively. Results the killip grading of the 11 patients were Grade Ⅱ in 1 patients. Grade Ⅱ in 2 patients and Grade Ⅲ in 8 patients .The infarction site was found at the anterior wall in 3 patients,diffuse anterior well in 1 patients,inferior wall in 1 patient, anterior-inferior infarction in 3 patients and diffuse anterior-inferior infarction wall in 1 patient. Septal perforation was found at posterior septum in 5 patients muscular septum in. Patient and at apex in 5 patients. Septal perforation was identified within 24 hours of infarction in 1 patient,within 1-7 days in 3 patients and beyond 7 days after infarction in 7 patients .4 patients with septal perforation chosed conservative medical management only and 2 of them died 1 month later.2 patients had PCI in addition to medical treatment but both of them died in 3 months after discharge. 2 patients had IABP supper,and 1 of then died within 1 week during hospitalzation and the other one died 1 week after discharge. 2 patients received PCI and electric amplatzer closure(4-6 weeks after AMI,and 1 patient received PCI plus elective surgical septal repair and ventricular aneurysm reshaping at 6 months after AMI. All 3 patients survived during follow up. Conclusions For patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with ventricular septal perforation and ventricular aneurysm formation,aggressive intervention and treatment will improve the clinical prognosis.
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