浙江省丽水市农村责任医生开展健康教育干预效果分析

摘要

目的 为探索农村责任医生开展健康教育的有效性,切实提高农民的自我保健意识.方法 选择丽水市莲都区L镇普通成年人群作为健康教育干预组,T乡普通成年人群为平行对照组,通过责任医生定期入村入户或以集中形式随访干预农村健康教育学校形式进行干预,并以问卷形式分别了解干预组自身纵向对照、干预与对照两组各知晓率、行为改变的效果.结果 通过3年责任医生的多种形式的健康教育,干预组健康知晓率从32.67％上升到69.06％,特别是在禽流感、高血压及其他慢病防治知识知晓率提高更为显著,3年来分别提升了54.14％、27.31％、53.38％,健康知识知晓率也比T乡高了22.20％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).其中干预组60岁以上年龄组知晓率从30.91％上升到50.33％,文盲及半文盲组知晓率从27.37％提升到48.41％,20岁以上青年组艾滋病知晓率最高达88.89％;口味偏淡行为从21.08％提高到31.44％,与T乡相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);其他不良行为也有改变但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 以责任医生入村入户或田间地头面对面等多种随访方式的健康教育模式,对提高农民健康知识知晓率并进一步提高农民健康水平有显著效果.%Objective To explore health education effect of responsible village doctors in rural areas, and improve self-care awareness of farmers in Lishui City. Methods Normal adults in L Town of Liandu District, Lishui City, were se-lected as health education intervention group, and normal adults in T Town were selected as control group. Questionnaire sur-veys were conducted before and after health education intervention in intervention and control groups. Awareness rates and health behaviors rates were investigated. Results After 3 years intervention, health awareness rate in intervention group was increased from 32. 67% to 69. 06% , and 22. 2% higher than that of control group ( P < 0. 05 ). Especially the awareness rates of avian influenza, hypertension and other chronic disease prevention knowledge were increased and 54. 14% , 27. 31% , 53. 38% higher than that of baseline. In intervention group, the awareness rate of the elderly over 60 years old was increase from 30. 91% to 50. 33% , the awareness rate of illiterate and semi-literate farmers were increased from 27. 3% to 48. 41% , the AIDS awareness rate of young man above 20 years old was increased to 88. 89%. The health behavior preva-lence of "mild salt in food" was increased from 21. 08% to 31. 44% , and higher than that in T Town ship significantly (P < 0. 05). No difference of other health behaviors had found between the two groups significantly (P > 0. 05). Conclusion The health education intervention model based on responsible village doctors in rural areas was effect to improve the farmer' s health awareness and health behaviors.