青年流动人口健康知识和行为的变化趋势及影响因素分析

摘要

目的 了解青年流动人口健康知识和健康行为随时间的变化趋势及影响因素,为流动人口开展有针对性的健康教育提供依据.方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,分别于2010年和2015年对流动人口较多的北京、上海、深圳的青年流动人口进行了自填式问卷调查.2010年共调查4556人,流动人口3034人;2015年共调查4532人,流动人口3001人.结果 2015年和2010年相比,青年流动人口健康知识知晓率由58.4％提高到62.9％,但健康行为形成率由65.7％下降为59.9％ (P ＜0.05).多因素分析结果显示,高文化程度、在业、高收入、外出打工时间越长、参加讲座、社会支持度高者,健康知识得分高(P＜0.05);女性、低年龄、在婚、高文化程度、在业、高收入、参加讲座、社会支持度高者,健康行为得分就越高(P＜0.05).在控制以上变量以后,与2010年相比,经过5年时间变化后,参加健康讲座与不参加健康讲座者相比,对健康知识知晓率的影响增大,但对健康行为形成的影响降低;社会支持对健康知识知晓率及健康行为形成率的影响均降低.结论 继续加强健康教育讲座,提高健康知识知晓率.但重点应直接开展行为干预,促进健康行为的形成.%Objective To understand the change trends and influencing factors of health related knowledge and be haviors among youth migrants,and to provide the basis for health education.Methods With multi-stage stratified random sampling method,3034 and 3001 youth migrants in Beijing,Shanghai and Shenzhen had been investigated by questionnaire survey in 2010 and 2015.Results In 2015 and 2010,the awareness rate of health knowledge of youth migrants was increased from 58.4％ to 62.9％,but health behavior formation ratewas reduced from 65.7％ to 59.9％ (P ＜ 0.05).The multi-factor analysis results showed that higher awareness rate of health knowledge in youth migrants was related with higher education level,having job,higher income,longer duration of migration,participation in health lecture,and higher social support.The health behavior formation rate was positive related with female,younger,in marriage,higher education level,having job,higher income,longer duration of migration,participation in health lecture,and higher social support (P ＜ 0.05).After control the above factors,the impact of health lecture on the awareness rate of health knowledge was in creased,but its impact on health behavior formation was reduced in these 5 years.The impact of social support on the awareness rate of health knowledge and health behavior formation rate had reduced.Conclusion It is important to strengthen health education for improving the awareness rate of health knowledge.At the same time,it is most importantto take behavior intervention for promoting the formation of healthy behavior.