眼科手术技术的不断进步和手术器械的不断发展使得眼科手术变碍越来越安全,同时眼科麻醉的方式和选择也发生了相应的改变,但目前仍没有绝对安全的眼科麻醉方法,临床上眼科手术麻醉的并发症仍有发生.眼科手术中麻醉方式的选择主要取决于手术方式、医生的需要、患者的期望及配合程度,大多数眼科手术在局部麻醉下即可完成,但是眼科局部麻醉过程中注射针接近血管、视神经和脑干等重要结构时,可增加相关组织结构损伤的风险,其中最严重的并发症是脑干麻醉,麻醉师和眼科医师应充分认识到这些并发症甚至有危及生命的可能.为了避免麻醉过程中药物意外注射到周围的血管、眼球和脑脊液中而造成神经组织的损伤,需要麻醉师和眼科医师对相关区域的解剖结构进行精确评估,特别是注射部位、深度以及眼球位置的判断.因此,应强调眼科医师提高对眼科手术麻醉并发症,特别是脑干麻醉等严重并发症预防及合理处理的意识.%Advances in ophthalmic surgery,together with achieving greater patient safety,have changed the requirements,methods and choice of regional anaesthesia of the eyes.So far,there still lacks of an absolutely safe ophthalmic regional block method,and the intraoperative anesthesia method depends on the needs of the surgeon and the expectations and the cooperation of the patients.The majority of ophthalmic procedures can be performed under regional anesthesia,but the proximity of important structures,such as the blood vessels,optic nerve and the brainstem,leads to increased risks associated with these blocks.The most serious one of these complications is brainstem anesthesia.An clear and full understanding of these complications,which may sometimes be life-threatening,is thus vital to the anesthesia practitioner.Procedural improvements include a close evaluation of the precise anatomy of the region,with particular attention to injection sites,depth of injection,position of the eyeball,and techniques to avoid nerve damage and accidental injection into surrounding structures,including blood vessels,eyeball and cerebrospinal fluid.To emphasize the importance of the prevention,recognition and management of these complications,which includes the extremely serious complication of brainstem anesthesia.
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