2001-2010年北京城市社区老年人群体重变迁及其危险因素变化的研究

摘要

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the secular changes of BMI,prevalence rates of overweight and obesity as well as related factors in an elderly population of Beijing,during 2001 and 2010.Methods A two-round population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in an elderly population,selected from a representative urban area in Beijing in 2001(n=2 277) and 2010 (n=2 102) respectively.Results In this population,the age-adjusted means on BMI were 25.3 (95％CI,25.1-25.5) for men and 25.8 (95％CI,25.5-25.9) for women in 2001,and 25.0 (95％ CI,24.8-25.1) and 25.0 (95％ CI,24.7-25.1) in 2010,respectively,which all significantly declined.According to the WHO criteria,related data were shown as follows:the age standardized prevalence rates of overweight (BMI≥25 kg/m2) were 48.3％ among men and 46.3％ among women in 2001,44.5％ and 39.9％ for men and women in 2010 respectively; the age-standardized prevalence rates of obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) were 5.4％ on men and 11.6％ on women in 2001,but declined to 4.9％ and 7.3％ in 2010 respectively; the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were both significantly declined in women,but not in men.However,according to WGOC criteria,the age standardized prevalence rates on overweight (BMI≥24 kg/m2) were 47.9％ in men and 44.9％ in women in 2001,and were 47.2％ and 41.0％ respectively for men and women in 2010; the agestandardized prevalence rates of obesity (BMI≥28 kg/m2) were 19.2％ in men and 24.2％ in women in 2001,both significantly declined to 15.5％ and 18.0％ in 2010,respectively.Positive correlations were found between the levels of blood pressure,glucose and lipids and BMI.Results from multiple factors logistic regression analysis also indicated that healthy lifestyle including reducing cigarette smoking,alcohol drinking and increasing daily exercises in the last 10 years,also played roles in the decrease of prevalence rates on both overweight and obesity.Conclusion The mean BMI and prevalence rates of overweight and obesity decreased in the last 10-year period,2001-2010.Hypertension,hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia remained as risk factors of overweight and obesity.Healthy lifestyle in elderly seemed partially account for the declined BMI.%目的 分析2001-2010年北京市城区老年人超重、肥胖率变化趋势及其相关危险因素的变化.方法 分析数据来自课题组对北京市万寿路社区≥60岁老年人2001年(2 277人)和2010年(2 102人)进行的两次横断面调查.结果 2001年男女性年龄调整BMI(kg/m2)均值分别为25.3(95％CI:25.1 ～ 25.5)和25.8(95％CI:25.5～25.9),2010年分别为25.0(95％CI:24.8 ～ 25.1)和25.0(95％CI:24.7～25.1),男女性BMI均值均呈下降趋势(P＜0.05).年龄标化后,按WHO标准,10年间超重(BMI≥25 kg/m2)率男性由48.3％下降为44.5％,女性由46.3％下降为39.9％;肥胖率(BMI≥30 kg/m2)男性由5.4％下降至4.9％,女性由11.6％下降至7.3％,其中女性超重率和肥胖率下降均存在统计学意义,而男性均不显著;按中国标准,10年间超重(BMI≥24 kg/m2)率男性由47.9％下降为47.2％,女性由44.9％下降为41.0％;肥胖率(BMI≥28 kg/m2)男性由19.2％下降至15.5％,女性由24.2％下降为18.0％,其中男性超重率下降不显著(P＞0.05),女性有统计学意义,两性别人群肥胖率下降幅度均有统计学意义,女性超重率和肥胖率的下降幅度显著大于男性.两次调查血糖、血脂、血压水平均与超重或肥胖呈正相关,多因素logistic回归分析显示,10年间人群中吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼等生活方式的改变对体重变化有一定影响.结论 10年间研究人群的BMI及超重和肥胖现患率均呈下降;高血压、高血糖和高血脂仍是老年人超重或肥胖的重要危险因素,而其健康生活方式对降低超重和肥胖率有重要作用.