结核病易感性的研究进展

摘要

Tuberculosis(TB),a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB), is the outcome of the interaction between polygenes and environmental factors,which has been shown in lots of genetic studies. In recent years,the research of TB susceptibility genes and their single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)loci has become a hot topic,but genes and SNPs exactly associated with TB susceptibility are rarely reported. What's more,some susceptibility genes are different among races, populations and geographical distributions, resulting in inconsistency, or even contrary conclusions drawn from local studies of different populations or areas. In order to obtain susceptibility genes that are widely applicable and exactly associated with TB,it is necessary to screen the genes preliminarily in the laboratory animals with gene diversity, and thereafter, verify those genes in animals or humans. The Collabrative Cross(CC)mice have the advantages of diverse and clear genetic background,which can provide a new tool for the research of TB susceptibility. This review summarizes the advances in the studies of TB susceptibility genes and their SNPs, and looking forward to the application of CC mice in these studies and its significance.%大量的遗传学研究表明,结核病是多基因和环境因素共同作用的结果.近年来,结核病易感基因及其单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点研究成为热点,但与易感性有确切关联的基因和SNP报道较少,并且某些易感基因有种族、人群、地域分布的差异,不同种群或地区的局部研究得到的研究结论常不一致,甚至相反,因此,需要进一步寻找能广泛适用的、有确切关联的易感基因.鉴于此,需要在具备基因多样性的实验动物中进行初筛,然后在动物或人群中验证.协同杂交(Collaborative Cross,CC)小鼠具有遗传多样性并且有清晰的背景基因数据库,可为结核易感性研究提供新的工具.本综述总结已报道的结核易感基因及其SNP的研究进展,展望CC小鼠在此研究的应用和重要意义.