恒河猴大脑中动脉M1段栓塞建模中麻醉方案的选择

摘要

目的 为需要进行大脑中动脉M1段栓塞模型建立的恒河猴及其它大型实验动物提供一种简捷、迅速、安全的麻醉方法. 方法 采用健康成年恒河猴20只,均为雄性,年龄7~9岁,体重7~11 kg,基础麻醉应用0.1 mL/kg氯胺酮及速眠欣的混合液肌内注射,待动物入睡后行气管插管(ID:4.5~5.5#).随后送入介入中心,入室后连接监护并建立静脉通路,完成有创动脉压及导尿管置入等.术中实验动物采用呼吸机控制呼吸,丙泊酚2~4 mg/kg/h持续泵入进行麻醉维持,术中根据动物的生命体征和肢体活动情况变化调整剂量,必要时追加上述氯胺酮与速眠新的混合液,并根据手术的需要调整心率、血压、体温等.溶栓前后行脑MRI造影,造影时停止输注麻醉药物,恢复动物自主呼吸.术中监测实验动物的心率、体温、有创动脉血压及血氧饱和度,并于麻醉诱导后和术中抽取动脉血行血气分析. 结果 共进行实验20次,均按预计方案实施完成,术中未发生动物躁动、呼吸抑制、心律失常等严重并发症,实验结束停药后,实验动物很快清醒并送回动物实验中心,进行后续处理.20只恒河猴15只存活24 h以上,5只死于溶栓后脑出血和大面积脑梗死面积较大. 结论 气管内插管全身麻醉合并复合麻醉维持为此类比较复杂的介入及MRI实验的顺利完成提供了一种安全、实用的麻醉方式.%Objective To provide a simple, convenient, and safe anesthesia method for the establishment of a M1 segment of middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rhesus monkey or other large laboratory animals.Method Twenty male rhesus monkeys weighing 7-11 kg (ages 7-9 years) from Academy of Military Medical Sciences were used in this study.Sumianxin injection combined with 0.1 mg/kg ketamine was given before endotracheal intubation (ID:4.5-5.5#).The animals were then transported to an interventional operation room, where the intravenous access was established and a urinary catheter was inserted into the urinary bladder.Mechanical ventilation was used during the surgery, propofol was continuously injected in a speed of 2-4 mg/kg/h, and Sumianxin-ketamine could be given if necessary to maintain adequate anesthesia depth.The dose was adjusted according to vital signs of the rhesus such as body movements, physiological parameters, and demand of surgery.Brain MRI examination was performed before and after thrombolysis.Anesthetic injection was suspended and the animals were allowed to have a spontaneous breathing every time before the MRI text.Heart rates, temperature, non-invasive blood pressure, and SpO2 were monitored during the whole surgery.Blood samples were taken from the radial artery for blood gas analysis after anesthesia induction and during operation.Results All the 20 animals underwent the operation successfully, no animal had restlessness, respiratory depression, arrhythmia and other serious complications.At the end of the study, animals awake soon.Fifteen of them survived longer than 24 hours, only 5 died from serious cerebral hemorrhage and larger cerebral infarction.Conclusions General endotracheal anesthesia is safe for rhesus monkeys during such interventional operation and MRI examination.