Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering;
The University of Nottingham Ningbo China;
Ningbo 315100;
China;
Ningbo New Materials Institute;
The University of Nottingham;
Ningbo 315042;
China;
Department of Mechanical Engineering;
Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
Cambridge 02139;
USA;
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering;
The University of Nottingham;
Nottingham NG72RD;
UK;
Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province;
The University of Nottingham Ningbo China;
Ningbo 315100;
China;
Oil shale; Coal; Image-based ash fusion test; Co-gasification; Mineral transformation;