燃料电池Pt基核壳结构电催化剂的最新研究进展

摘要

综述了用于燃料电池的Pt基核壳结构电催化剂的制备方法和表征方法的最新研究进展.首先,详细介绍了核壳结构催化剂的制备方法,主要包括胶体法、电化学法和化学还原法等.其中胶体法的应用最为广泛,制备过程简单易控;电化学法和化学还原法在最近几年得到了迅速发展,并有望用于核壳结构电催化剂的批量化生产.其次,简单阐述了核壳结构电催化剂特用的表征方法.其中高角度环形暗场-扫描透射电子显微镜是近年来发展的一种新技术,它利用暗场强度与原子序数的比例关系可以有效地表征核壳电催化剂的特殊结构.最后,总结了存在的问题并展望了可能的发展方向.%Cost, durability, and fuel supply infrastructure remain the key problems barricading the successful commercialization of fuel cells. As for the proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the cost and durability of key materials come from Pt catalysts used in the fuel cells. Due to the various cost and resource issues regarding Pt, it is important for researchers to develop low-Pt fuel cell catalysts. Recently, core-shell structured electrocatalysts have attracted increasing attention because of their unique structure in reducing the amount of Pt. The recent development of the preparation methods and characterization techniques for core-shell structured catalysts are reviewed. First, an introduction . To the preparation methods for the synthesis of core-shell structured electrocatalysts was presented, including the colloid method, electrochemical method, and chemical reduction method. Among these methods, the colloid method is the most facile and controllable and has already been widely employed in the synthesis. Electrochemical and chemical reduction methods are the most promising methods that have been developed in the past several years. Then, the characterization techniques were discussed in details. Among these techniques, the high-angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy developed during recent years is regarded as an effective way to characterize the core-shell structured catalysts. Finally, the application problems and some research trends were discussed and summarized.