管氏肿腿蜂的再描述及中国硬皮肿腿蜂属Sclerodermus（Hymenoptera：Bethylidae）的种类

摘要

The present paper reports the result of a revisional study of species of the genus Sclerodermus Latreille 1809 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) in China. Some Chinese species in the genus are important natural enemies parasitizing wood borers and have been used broadly to control the pests. There are four valid species in China fauna right now:Sclerodermus guani Xiao et Wu 1983, S. sichuanensis Xiao 1995, S. hainanica Xiao 1995, S. pupariae Yang et Yao 2012. A key to distinguish them is provided, including S. harmandi (Buysson 1903) which is suspected to distribute in China. It is considered that S. guani Xiao et Wu 1983 is a valid species rather than S. harmandi (Buysson 1903). For distinguishing the two species, S. guani is re-described in details, including apterous and alate females, as well as alate male with colorous photos, based on its holotype and paratypes conserved in the Insect Collection of Chinese Academy of Forestry. Meanwhile, the re-description of S. harmandi made by Terayama (2006) is cited. A table of diagnostic characters to separate the two species is provided. In the last, the description of S. pupariae Yang et Yao 2012 is given too, including notes on its biology and behavior. It was found that S. pupariae is an excellent biocontrol agent for using in control of wood borer pests, e.g. Massicus raddei, Anoplophora glabripennis, Apriona swainsoni,Xylotrechus grayii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), Agrilus planipennis and A. mali (Coleoptera:Buprestidae).%对我国用于防治林木蛀干害虫的重要天敌昆虫类群--肿腿蜂科硬皮肿腿蜂属Sclerodermus Latreille 1809的种类进行了订正性研究。研究表明，目前我国硬皮肿腿蜂属共有4个种，分别是管氏肿腿蜂Sclerodermus guani Xiao et Wu 1983，川硬皮肿腿蜂S. sichuanensis Xiao 1995，海南硬皮肿腿蜂 S. hainanica Xiao 1995和白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂S. pupariae Yang et Yao 2012，另有1疑似分布种--哈氏肿腿蜂S. harmandi Buysson 1903。编制了区分这5个种的检索表。研究认为，日本和韩国专家将我国的管氏肿腿蜂更名为哈氏肿腿蜂（作为同物异名）是不合适的，管氏肿腿蜂应为一个有效种。对管氏肿腿蜂根据模式标本进行了再描述，提供了形态特征照片图；也引述了日本学者Terayama（2006）对哈氏肿腿蜂的再描述，以便区分这两个种。并以对照表的形式，给出了区分这两种的主要形态特征。同时也对作者2012年发表在美国的Annals of the Entomological Societuy of America 上的新种--白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂做了简要描述，附有该种的形态特征照片图，并记述了该种的生物学、行为学特性，以便国内学者鉴定该种时参考。研究发现白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂也寄生栗山天牛Massicus raddei、光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis、锈色粒肩天牛Apriona swansoni、咖啡脊虎天牛Xylotrechus grayii和白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis及苹小吉丁A. mali等我国多种重要的林木蛀干害虫，是一种可利用于防治这些害虫的优秀天敌。