2010-2015年新疆新涂阳肺结核患者流行病学特征分析

摘要

目的 分析新疆维吾尔自治区14个地(州、市)新涂阳肺结核患者流行病学特征,了解新疆肺结核疫情状况.方法 对2010年1月至2015年12月全国结核病网络专报系统登记报告新疆维吾尔自治区的43 016例新涂阳肺结核患者,采用描述性统计分析的方法分析6年来全自治区14个地(州、市)新涂阳患者的性别、年龄、职业、民族、区域等流行病学分布特征.结果 (1)新疆地区2010-2015年共报告肺结核患者43 016例,2010年发病率为43.07/10万,2011年发病率为34.62/10万,2012年发病率为40.70/10万,2013年发病率为29.82/10万,2014年发病率为27.02/10万,2015年发病率为24.88/10万;(2)6年新疆登记的新涂阳肺结核患者中,男性患者登记发病率为35.02/10万(23 252/6640.32万),女性为31.25/10万(19 764/6324.44万),不同性别发病率差异具有统计学意义(x2=12.83,P＜0.05);(3)发病年龄以55～74岁组的患者为主,占35.64％(15 330/43 016);(4)职业分布以农民发病最多,占总发病的70.94％(30 514/43 016);(5)民族分布以蒙古族发病率最高,为53.80/10万(586/108.92万),哈萨克族、维吾尔族次之,分别为53.63/10万(5021/936.16万)、44.69/10万(28 775/6438.54万);(6)南疆的和田地区、阿克苏地区、喀什地区,北疆的阿勒泰地区、伊犁地区、博州相对较高,登记的年均发病率分别为51.48/10万(6304/1224.63万)、46.58/10万(6751/1449.42万)、41.40/10万(10 011/2418.40万)、49.40/10万(1719/347.98万)、38.71/10万(6082/1571.10万)、29.45/10万(817/277.45万);(7)1～4月份为结核病新涂阳患者发病高峰期,年均发病例数所占比率分别为10.15％(4365/43 016)、9.69％(4167/43 016)、9.66％(4157/43 016)、9.41％(4049/43 016).结论 2010 2015年新疆结核病报告登记发病率有所下降,新涂阳肺结核患者男性多于女性,以老年患者为主,蒙古族、哈萨克族和维吾尔族发病率较高,南疆地区发病率高于其他地区.%Objective To analyze and understand the epidemic characteristics of smear-positive pulmonary tu berculosis (PTB) in fourteen prefectures of Xinjiang.Methods A total of 43 016 new patients with PTB,who were notified in the Internevbased National TB Recording and Reporting System from 2010 to 2015,were recruited in this analysis.A descriptive statistical analysis method was used to analyze the epidemiological distribution characteristics of those PTB patients,such as gender,age,occupation,ethnic and area,etc.Results (1) A total of 43 016 PTB were notified in Xinjiang from 2010 to 2015.The incidence rates of PTB were 43.07/100 000 in 2010,34.62/100 000 in 2011,40.70/100 000 in 2012,29.82/100 000 in 2013,27.02/100 000 in 2014 and 24.88/100 000 in 2015 respectively.(2) The incidence of male and female new PTB patients were 35.02/100 000 (23 252/66 403 200) and 31.25/100 000 (19 764/63 244 400) respectively,and there was a signifancent difference in TB incidence between male and female (x2=12.83,P＜0.05).(3) Most of the cases were 55 to 74 years old,which accounted for 35.64％ (15 330/43 016) of all notified cases.(4) The occupational distribution revealed that 70.94％ (30 514/43 016) of the notified patients were farmers.(5) The incidence was different in different minority groups:the highest incidence was found in Mongols (53.80/100 000,586/1 089 200),and followed by Kazakh (53.63/100 000,5021/9 361 600) and Uygur (44.69/100 000,28 775/64 385 400).(6) The areas with high incidence included Kashi,Hotan and Aksu in South Xinjiang 51.48/100 000 (6304/12 246 300),46.58/100 000 (6751/14 494 200),41.40/100 000 (10 011/24 184 000),49.40/100 000 (1719/3 479 800),38.71/100 000 (6082/15 711 000),29.45/100 000 (817/24 184 000).(7) The TB detection rate was high from January to April.An annual mcidence proportion respectively 10.15％ (4365/43 016),9.69％ (4167/43 016),9.66％ (4157/43 016),9.41％ (4049/43 016).Conclusion From 2010 to 2015,the trend of PTB incidence in Xinjiang declined year by year.The TB prevention and control should focus on some high risk populations (such as elderlies) and high incidence areas (such as South Xinjiang).