黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、肌肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

摘要

本试验旨在研究黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成、肌肉氨基酸组成及血清生化指标的影响.选用初始体质量约2.00 g的黄颡鱼( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)幼鱼720尾,随机分成6组,每组4 个重复,每个重复30 尾. 6 组试验鱼分别投喂用黑水虻幼虫粉(由采食花生麸的8日龄黑水虻幼虫制成)替代基础饲料(基础饲料中鱼粉含量为30%)中0(对照)、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%鱼粉的6种等氮等脂饲料,分别记为G0、G10、G20、G30、G40、G50组.试验期为8周.结果表明:黑水虻幼虫粉替代不同比例的鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼存活率的影响不显著( P＞0.05) . G10、G20、G30组的终末体质量和特定生长率与G0组差异不显著( P＞0.05) ;当替代比例超过30%时,与G0组相比,黄颡鱼幼鱼的终末体质量和特定生长率显著降低( P＜0.05) ,脂肪沉积率显著升高( P＜0.05) .各组间饲料系数、蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率差异不显著( P＞0.05) .黄颡鱼幼鱼全鱼粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、水分含量以及肌肉粗脂肪、粗灰分和水分含量各组间无显著差异( P＞0.05) ,但G50组肌肉中粗蛋白质含量显著高于G0组( P＜0.05) . G30组肌肉中精氨酸和缬氨酸含量显著高于G0组( P＜0.05) .黑水虻幼虫粉替代不同比例的鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼肌肉中4种呈味氨基酸(谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸和甘氨酸)的含量均未产生显著影响( P＞0.05) . G30组血清中谷草转氨酶活性、尿素和甘油三酯含量与G0组相比有所降低,但差异不显著( P＞0.05) ,谷丙转氨酶活性则较G0组显著降低( P＜0.05) .由此得出,对于鱼粉含量为30%的黄颡鱼幼鱼基础饲料(干物质基础下,粗蛋白质含量为44.55%、粗脂肪含量为7.94%) ,黑水虻幼虫粉(由采食花生麸的8 日龄黑水虻幼虫制成)替代鱼粉用量的30%(占饲料蛋白质的12.78%)后能够降低血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性、尿素和甘油三酯含量,且不影响黄颡鱼幼鱼的生长性能和肌肉呈味氨基酸组成.%The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal on growth performance, body composition, amino acid composition in muscle and serum biochemical indices of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Six isonitrogenous (crude protein content was 44.55%) and isolipidic (crude lipid content was 7.94%) experimental diets were formulated by repla?cing 0 (G0 group, as a control group), 10%(G10 group), 20%(G20 group), 30%(G30 group), 40%(G40 group) and 50%(G50 group) of fish meal with black soldier fly larvae meal (made by eight instar larva black sol?dier fly larvae that fed with peanut bran) based on a basal diet (fish meal content was 30%).A total of 720 juven?ile yellow catfish with an initial body weight of 2.00 g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate.The experiment lasted for 8 weeks.The results showed that the survival rate was not significantly affected by different replacement ratios of fish meal by black soldier fly larvae meal (P＞0.05). Com?pared with the G0 group, the final body weight and specific growth rate were significantly decreased (P＜0.05) and the lipid deposition rate was significantly increased ( P＜0.05) in G40 and G50 groups, but no significant differ?ences were found in G10, G20 and G30 groups (P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in protein deposi?tion rate, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio among all groups (P＞0.05). The contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash in whole body and moisture, crude lipid and ash in muscle were not significantly different among all groups (P＞0.05), but the muscle crude protein content in G50 group was significantly higher than that in G0 group (P＜0.05). The muscle arginine and valine contents in G30 group were significantly higher than those in G0 group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in the contents of four flavor amino acids (glutamate, glycine, alanine and aspartate) in muscle among all groups (P＞0.05).Compared with G0 group, the serum glutamic?pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity in G30 was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).And the serum glutamic?oxalacetic transminease (GOT) activity, uric acid ( UA) and triglyceride ( TG) contents in G30 group were lower than those in G0 group, but the differences were not significant ( P＞0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that 30% of fish meal can be replaced by black soldier fly larvae meal (made with eight instar larva black soldier fly larvae that fed with peanut bran) base on the basal diet with 30% fish meal (44.55% crude protein and 7.94% crude lipid in dry matter basis condition), and thus account of 12.78% of diet protein, which can decrease the GPT and GOT activities, UA and TG contents in serum, but without significant effects on growth performance and flavor amino acid composition in muscle of juvenile yellow catfish.[ Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019, 31(6):2788?2799]