武明欣1，2王际英2李宝山2张德瑞3蔡胜昌1，2王世信2孙永智2张利民2∗

摘要

A 56⁃day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of enzyme preparation on growth per⁃formance, body composition, immunity capabilities, and immune enzyme activities and heat shock protein 70 ( HSP70) content under the stress of ammonia nitrogen of sea cucumbers ( Apostichopus japonicus) . Firstly, a basal diet was formulated without enzyme preparation as control, and then 0.04% xylanase, 0.10% cellulose, 0.01% amylase and 0.15% compound enzyme ( consist of 0.04% xylanase, 0.10% cellulose and 0.01% amyl⁃ase) were added into the basal diet to replace the equalα⁃starch, respectively, to formulate the other 4 experi⁃mental diets. Each diet had 3 replicates and each replicate had 40 cucumbers with the intial body weight of (4.02±0. 04) g. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with control group, the weight gain rate ( WGR) and special gain rate ( SGR) in xylanase, cellulose, amylase and compound enzyme groups were im⁃proved by 17.38% and 0.25%/d (P<0.05), 7.63% and 0.03%/d (P<0.05), 1.88% and 0.01%/d (P>0.05), and 20.75% and 0.30%/d (P<0.05), respectively. 2) Supplementation of xylanase significantly in⁃creased the crude protein content of body wall (P<0.05), and supplementations of cellulose, amylase and compound enzyme significantly increased the contents of crude protein, crude lipid and ash of body wall ( P<0.05) . 3) Supplementations of xylanase, cellulose and compound enzyme significantly increased the activity of catalase (CAT) in coelomic fluid (P<0.05), and supplementation amylase significantly increased the activi⁃ties of lysozyme( LZM) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and CAT in coelomic fluid ( P<0.05) . 4) During am⁃monia nitrogen stress of 120 h, LZM, SOD, CAT activities and HSP70 content in coelomic fluid in all groups showed a tendency of increasing first and then decreasing, and the highest value of HSP70 content in coelomic fluid in enzyme groups ( except cellulose group) was higher than that in control group. In conclusion, supple⁃mentations of appropriate xylanase, cellulose, amylase or their compound enzyme can significantly improve the growth, body composition, and immunity capability. Additionally, xylanase improves the growth, and amyl⁃ase promotes the immune function more obviously. Under the stress of ammonia nitrogen, supplementations of appropriate xylanase, cellulose, amylase or their compound enzyme can make the sea cucumbers exhibiting a more rapidly and strongly immune resistance reaction.%本试验旨在研究酶制剂对刺参生长、体成分、免疫能力及氨氮胁迫下免疫酶活力和热休克蛋白70含量的影响。试验共配制粗蛋白质含量为20％的试验饲料5种，首先配制不含酶制剂的基础饲料作为对照，然后分别以0．04％木聚糖酶、0．10％纤维素酶、0．01％淀粉酶和0．15％复合酶（由0．04％木聚糖酶、0．10％纤维素酶和0．01％淀粉酶组成）等量替代基础饲料配方中的α－淀粉。每种饲料设3个重复，每个重复放养体重（4．02±0．04） g 的幼参40头。试验期为56 d。结果表明：1）木聚糖酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶、复合酶组的增重率分别比对照组提高了17．38％（P＜0．05）、7．63％（P＜0．05）、1．88％（P＞0．05）和20．75％（P＜0．05），特定生长率分别比对照组提高了0．25％／d（P＜0．05）、0．03％／d（P＜0．05）、0．01％／d（P＞0．05）、0．30％／d（P＜0．05）。2）饲料中添加木聚糖酶显著提高了刺参体壁粗蛋白质的含量（ P＜0．05），添加纤维素酶、淀粉酶和复合酶显著提高了刺参体壁粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分的含量（ P＜0．05）。3）饲料中添加木聚糖酶、纤维素酶和复合酶显著提高了体腔液中过氧化氢酶的活力（ P＜0．05）；添加淀粉酶显著提高了体腔液中溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活力（ P＜0．05）。4）在120 h氨氮胁迫过程中，各组体腔液中溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活力及热休克蛋白70含量基本呈先上升后下降趋势。除纤维素酶组外，其余加酶组体腔液中热休克蛋白70含量的最大值均高于对照组。综上，饲料中适量添加木聚糖酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶或其复合酶均能显著促进刺参生长，改善体成分，提高免疫能力，木聚糖酶的促生长作用更明显，而淀粉酶的促免疫作用更明显。氨氮胁迫下，饲料中适量添加木聚糖酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶或其复合酶均能使刺参更迅速和强烈地表现出免疫抵抗反应。