目的:研究山西乡村汉族体型特征.方法:采用Heath-Carter人体测量法对山西乡村汉族成人20～72岁共500人(男251人,女249人)进行了体型研究.结果:(1)山西乡村男性平均体型值为4.3-5.1-2.5,属于偏内胚层的中胚层体型；乡村女性平均体型值为5.9-6.0-1.1,属于内胚层-中胚层均衡体型.(2)在13种体型中,男女出现率最高的体型均为偏内胚层的中胚层体型、内胚层-中胚层均衡体型、偏中胚层的内胚层体型.与男性体型分布相比较,女性体型分布相对集中.(3)乡村男女30岁以后体型出现较明显的变化.乡村男性内因子值在40～49岁组达到最大,中因子值在30～39岁组达到最大,外因子值在20～29组最大.(4)与国内其他族群相比,山西乡村汉族男性与蒙古族、达斡尔族、山东汉族体型最为接近,女性与山东汉族、鄂温克族、内蒙古汉族、蒙古族体型最为接近.结论:山西乡村汉族具有我国北方族群体型的共同特征.%Objective: To study the somatotype characteristics of Han in rural areas of Shanxi. Methods: The somatotype of 500 rural adults (251 males and 249 females) of Han in county of Shanxi province was studied using the Heath-Carter somatotyping method. Results: The results were as follows: (l)The mean somatotype values of the male and female were 4. 3-5. 1-2. 5 and 5. 9-6. 0-1. 1 in rural districts respectively, which represented the endomorphic mesomorph category in the male and endomorph-mesomorph category in the female. (2)The top of somatotypes frequency was endomorphic mesomorph category, endomorph-mesomorph category and mesomorph endomorphic category. Compared with distribution phase somatotype of male, the female's distribution phase somatotype was more concentrate. (3) After age 30 years, The somatotype of both rural males and females obviously changed Rural males endomorphy reached the highest value in 40 to 49 age group, mesmorphy reached the highest value in 30 to 39 age group, and ectomorphy reached the highest value in 20 to 29 age group. (4) Compared with the other group, the somatotype of rural adult men was similar to those of Monggol, Daur, Han of Shandong, while the female somatotype was similar to those of Han of Shandong, Ewenki, Han of Inner Mongnlia and Monggol nationality. Conclusion: The somatotype of rural adults of Han in Shanxi is close to that of Northerner in China.
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