通过对自主研制的质子转移反应飞行时间质谱( PTR-TOF-MS)进样口的改造,实现了对呼出气体的实时、在线定量检测,并对23名志愿者(11名男性健康受试者、11名女性健康受试者和1名胃病患者)的呼出气体进行28天的实时在线监测.结果表明,健康人群呼出气体中主要的挥发性有机物(VOCs)为甲醛、丙烯、乙醛、丙酮、异丙醇和异戊二烯等,浓度基本服从对数正态分布,且甲醛、丙烯、异丙醇主要集中在40~100 ppb浓度范围内,乙醛的浓度主要集中在80~180 ppb浓度范围内,丙酮主要集中在500~1500 ppb浓度范围内,异戊二烯主要集中在8~20 ppb的浓度范围内;呼出气体浓度在性别上也存在差异,其中,受试人群中男性呼出气体中丙酮的浓度高于女性,而乙醛和异丙醇浓度低于女性.胃病患者的呼出气体中甲醛和丙酮含量明显高于健康人群;乙醇和乙醛是饮酒者呼出气体的主要标志物,乙醛是乙醇的代谢产物,随着乙醇浓度的变化而变化.%Based on the modification of inlet of a proton transfer reaction time of flight mass spectrometry ( PTR-TOF-MS) instrument developed in our laboratory, a new method for real-time and on-line quantitation of volatile organic compounds ( VOCs) from human exhalation was established. A 28-day real-time and on-line monitoring of exhaled breath from 23 volunteers (11 male healthy subjects, 11 female healthy subjects and 1 stomach-sick patient) was carried out and the experimental results showed that the major potential VOCs markers were identified as formaldehyde, propylene, acetone, acetaldehyde, isopropanol and isoprene, and their concentrations obeyed the Normal Distribution. The concentrations of formaldehyde, propylene and isopropanol were mainly in the range of 40 to 100 ppb, acetaldehyde in the range of 80 to 180 ppb, acetone in the range of 500 to 1500 ppb, and isoprene in the range of 8 to 20 ppb. Meanwhile, the concentrations for some compounds were different for men and women. Men have higher level of acetone, and women have higher levels of acetaldehyde and isopropanol. In addition, the concentrations of formaldehyde and acetone in the exhaled breath of stomach sicknesses were significantly higher than that in healthy people. Ethanol and acetaldehyde were the main potential markers of exhale breath after drinking alcohol. The acetaldehyde was the major metabolite of ethanol, and the concentration of acetaldehyde changed with the concentration variation of ethanol in degradation process.
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