2006-2013年吉林省卫生资源配置公平性分析

摘要

Objective:To analyze the equity of health resources allocation and its change trend in Jilin Province from 2006 to 2013,and to provide the theoretical basis for the health policy-makers to formulate the regional health planning and allocate the human health resources in equity.Methods:Descriptive research,Gini coefficient and Theil index were used to assess the situation and equity of health services resources allocation respectively.Results:The hospital beds per thousand, the health workers per thousand,and the registered nurses per thousand in Jilin Province were all on the rise between 2006 and 2013. However,the practicing(assistant) physician per thousand had not been obviously increasing. There was a serious imbalance between physicians and nurses;the ratio of doctors and nurses was only 1∶0.850. The Gini coefficients of beds and human resource by population were less than 0.2 and the index showed a highly fair condition. The Gini coefficients of them by geography were between 0.4 and 0.6,which showed an alert of unfairness. Regional injustice was the main reason.Conclusion:The health resources in Jilin Province have been increasing these years. But the rationality of allocation among region is still a problem. Health resources allocation by population is more equal than those allocated according to geographical area.%目的：对2006—2013年吉林省卫生资源配置公平性及其变化趋势进行分析，为决策者制定区域卫生规划、实现卫生资源的合理配置提供理论依据。方法：采用描述性研究、基尼系数及泰尔指数来评价卫生资源配置的现状及公平程度。结果：2006—2013年吉林省每千人口配置的病床、卫生技术人员、注册护士资源总体呈上升趋势；每千人口执业（助理）医师数量无明显增加，医护比例严重失调，仅为1∶0.850，护理人员严重不足。卫生床位及人力资源按人口配置的基尼系数小于0.2，处于高度公平状态；按地理配置的基尼系数位于0.4~0.6之间，达到警戒状态。区域间差异是造成卫生资源配置不公平的主要问题。结论：吉林省卫生资源总量不断增加，但区域间配置并不合理；卫生资源按人口配置优于按地理面积配置的公平性。