College of Geography and Environment;
Shandong Normal University;
Jinan 250358;
China;
Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology;
Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Changchun 130102;
China;
College of Resources and Environment;
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Beijing 100049;
China;
Department of Geography;
Hong Kong Baptist University;
Hong Kong 999077;
China;
regional; economic; resilience(RER); evolutionary; process; old; industrial; bases; Liaoning; Province; China;