重庆地区青少年自杀意念及其相关因素分析

摘要

目的 了解重庆地区青少年学生自杀意念发生情况及其影响因素,为有关部门制订干预性措施提供依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取重庆地区3 975名学生,采用《青少年身心健康问卷》进行匿名问卷调查,并分析青少年学生的自杀意念、自杀计划和自杀未遂的发生情况.结果 最近一年内,自杀意念的报告率为14.0％(555/3 968),自杀计划报告率为7.2％ (287/3 968),自杀未遂报告率为3.0％ (118/3968).不同分组的自杀意念报告率女生(16.0％,317/1 989)高于男生(12.0％,237/1 979),初中(16.1％,259/1 606)高于高中(14.1％,227/1 610)及大学(9.2％,69/752),城市(17.0％,229/1 349)高于农村(12.1％,318/2619),留守(14.3％,238/1 660)高于非留守(13.8％,317/2305),库区(16.2％,378/2336)高于非库区(10.8％,177/1 632),独生子女(16.7％,301/1 803)高于非独生子女(11.1％,241/2 165),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).自杀意念的影响因素为性别、学习阶段、地区、学习负担、社会支持、使用药物、吸烟、网络成瘾、焦虑、抑郁状态.结论 社会、家庭、学校应采取综合的干预措施,预防青少年自杀的发生.%Objective To explore the prevalence of suicidal ideation among adolescents in Chongqing and the influencing factors. Methods A total of 4 064 students from the first and second year of junior high, senior high middle schools and u-niversities were selected through stratified cluster sampling. Altogether 3 975 students responded to the questionnaires on demographics, depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation, and 3 968 responses were valid. Results Reports of suicide ideation (SI) , suicide plans, and suicide attempts during last year came from 14. 0% (555/3 968), 7.2% (287/3968), and3.0% (118/ 3 968) of the students, respectively. Girls reported higher prevalence of SI (16.0% , 317/1 989) than boys (12.0% , 237/ 1 979). Junior school students reported the highest prevalence of SI (16. 1% , 259/1 606) , followed by senior school students (14. 1% , 227/1 610) and university students (9. 2% , 69/752). Urban students reported higher prevalence of SI (17. 0% , 229/1 349) than rural students (12. 1% , 318/2 619). Left behind children reported higher prevalence of SI (14. 3% , 238/ 1 660) than non - left - behind children ( 13. 8% , 317/2 305 ) . Students living in reservoir area reported higher prevalence of SI (16.2%, 378/2 336) than those living in non - reservoir area (10.8%, 177/1632). Students from one child family reported higher prevalence of SI (16. 7% , 301/1 803) than those with siblings (11.1%, 241/2 165). Conclusion The influencing factors of SI include sex, learning stage, living area, social support, anxiety and depression. Families, schools and society should combine their efforts to make interventions and provide support to prevent youth suicide.