目的：开发适用于评价空巢老人心理健康自助能力的量表，并进行信效度检验。方法2013年6月—2015年4月，预测及正式测试对象均选取内蒙古赤峰地区两个社区的老年居民。阅读马斯洛需求动机理论和健康相关行为多因素影响等相关理论，结合文献分析，在对20例空巢老人进行开放式问卷调查及对15例空巢老人进行半结构式访谈的基础上，收集关于空巢老人心理健康自助能力的条目，得到31个条目；咨询专家对条目内容、语言表述等方面进行评价，确定初始量表25个条目。预测共发放量表230份，回收有效量表218份，有效回收率为94.78%；正式测试共发放量表230份，回收有效量表214份，有效回收率为93.04%。采用 SPSS 17.0统计学软件进行数据处理，以受试者总分最高的27%及最低的27%分别作为高分组和低分组，比较各条目得分；效度检验采用探索性因子分析和主成分分析法提取主成分；采用 Cronbach′s α系数、组成信度（CR）、变异数萃取量评价量表信度。结果初始量表25个条目，高分组与低分组受试者条目9、12、23得分比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05），删除该3个条目，剩余22个条目。主成分分析法共提取4个主成分，累积方差贡献率为60.76%，4个主成分分别命名为寻求心理支持的能力、解决心理问题的能力、促进心理健康的能力及自我实现的能力。量表总体 Cronbach′s α系数为0.890，验证性因子分析结果显示，各条目临界比率差异有统计学意义（ P <0.05）；各主成分 CR 均在0.800以上，变异数萃取量0.499~0.547。结论空巢老人心理健康自助能力量表信效度良好，可用于评价我国空巢老人心理健康自助能力水平，为空巢老人相关性研究提供了较为客观的测评性指标。%Objective To develop a scale for evaluating the mental health self - help ability of empty - nest elderly and to test its reliability and validity. Methods Samples of pre - measurement and formally measurement were selected from the ageing population in 2 communities in Chifeng,Inner Mongolia from June 2013 to April 2015. Based on Maslow′s a theory of human motivation,the theory of multi - factors of health related behaviors and analyses of literature,we conducted an open -ended survey in 20 empty - nest elderly and a semi - structured interview in 15 empty - nest elderly,and 31 items of behaviors related to mental health self - help ability were collected. Secondly,in terms of content and expression of items,we counseled several experts and identified 25 items of the original scale. There were 218 questionnaires(230 in all)were available and valid with a 94. 78% response rate in pre - measurement stage. In the formally measurement,214 questionnaires(230 in all)were available and valid with a response rate of 93. 04% . We tested the reliability and validity of this scale by applying SPSS 17. 0. We set 27% of the subjects with the highest total scores and 27% with the lowest total scores as the high - score group and low -score group,respectively,and compared the scores of each item between the two groups. Validity of this scale was tested by exploratory factor analysis,and principal components were exacted by principal component analysis. Reliability of this scale was tested by Cronbach′s α coefficient and composite reliability(CR),and AVE. Results The scores of item 9,12 and 23 in the original scale(25 items)between the two groups were not statistically significant(P > 0. 05),we deleted these 3 items,and 22 items left. There were four principal components exacted by principal component analysis,namely,the ability of seeking mental support,effectively solving mental problem skills,the ability to participate in mental health promotion activities and the ability of self - realization. The cumulative variance contribution rate was 60. 76% ,the scale′s tall Cronbach′s α = 0. 890. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the differences of critical ratio values for all items were statistically significant( P <0. 05);and CR values of principal components were above 0. 800,AVE were 0. 499 - 0. 547. Conclusion The Empty - nest Elderly Mental Health Self - help Ability Scale has good reliability and validity. It can be used for evaluating empty - nest elderly mental health self - help ability in China. For the empty - nest elderly correlation research it may provide more objective evaluation indicators.
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