十堰市老年人自评健康状况及影响因素调查与路径分析

摘要

Objective To investigate the self - rated health status of elders in Shiyan and explore its influencing factors,influencing characters and effective size,in order to provide references for the policies of improving self - rated health level and healthy aging. Methods At December 2012,firstly,all counties,cities and districts of Shiyan were ranked in accordance with the proportion of elders in a high - to - low order. Bailang Development Zone with a proportion of elders aged 60 and above close to the average proportion of Shiyan(14. 1% )was chosen. All the housing estates in Bailang Development Zone were numbered,and by random number table method,three housing estates were selected,including Jian' er,Ji' an and Erjidian housing estate. All elders aged 60 or above in the three housing estates were numbered according to gender and age,and 1 091 elders were selected as subjects. According to the actual health status of elders in Shiyan,a self - designed questionnaire was made with reference to the Scale of Elderly Health Status and Relevant Factors made by the Institute of Psychology of University of Liverpool. The questionnaire content included the general data and self - rated health status of elders. A total of 1 091 questionnaires were distributed,and 1 001 effective questionnaires were collected with an effective recovery rate of 91. 8% . Results Among the 1 001 elders,the number of elders with very good,good,barely good and poor self - rated health status was 114(11. 4% ),499(49. 8% ),302(30. 2% ) and 86(8. 6% )respectively. Significant differences existed in self -rated health status between elders with different status of smoking,alcohol consumption,chronic diseases,satisfaction with economic income and life,optimistic attitude,change in health status,economic difficulties,events that make people sad(P< 0. 05 ) . Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking,change in health status,chronic diseases,satisfaction with economic income and life and optimistic attitude were influencing factors for the self - rated health status of elders(P < 0. 05). Path analysis showed that satisfaction with life was the most important influencing factors for self - rated health status of elders. Conclusion Elders in Shiyan have favorable self - rated health status. Smoking,change in health status,chronic diseases,satisfaction with economic income and life and optimistic attitude are influencing factors for the self - rated health status of elders,and satisfaction with life has great influence on the satisfaction degree with life.%目的：了解十堰市老年人的自评健康状况，并探讨其影响因素、影响性质及影响作用大小，为提高十堰市老年人的自评健康水平、加快十堰市健康老龄化进程提供政策参考。方法2012年12月，首先将十堰市各个县、市、区按照老年人口比例从高到低排序，选取60岁及以上老年人口比例与十堰市老年人口比例（14.1%）相近的十堰市白浪开发区；将白浪开发区全部小区编号，采用随机数字表法，抽取建二小区、吉安小区、二机电小区3个小区；将小区中全部60岁及以上老年人按性别、年龄编号后，采用随机数字表法，抽取1091例老年人为调查对象。根据十堰市老年人的实际健康状况，结合利物浦大学精神卫生研究所的《老年健康状况和相关因素调查量表》中的有关内容自行制定调查问卷，问卷内容包括老年人的一般情况和自评健康状况。共发放问卷1091份，回收有效问卷1001份，有效回收率为91.8%。结果1001例老年人中，自评健康状况很好、好、一般、差分别为114例（11.4%）、499例（49.8%）、302例（30.2%）、86例（8.6%）。不同吸烟、饮酒、慢性病患病情况、经济收入满意度、生活满意度、乐观态度及有无健康状况改变、经济困难、使人难过的事情的老年人的自评健康状况比较，差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。Logistic 回归分析结果显示，吸烟情况、健康状况改变、慢性病患病情况、经济收入满意度、生活满意度、乐观态度是老年人自评健康状况的影响因素（P ＜0.05）。路径分析结果显示，生活满意度是老年人自评健康状况的最重要影响因素。结论十堰市老年人自评健康状况良好，吸烟情况、健康状况改变、慢性病患病情况、经济收入满意度、生活满意度、乐观态度是老年人自评健康状况的影响因素，其中生活满意度对其影响较大。